Government and Politics of Paraguay

Government Type

constitutional republic

Administrative Divisions

17 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital city*; Alto Paraguay, Alto Parana, Amambay, Asuncion*, Boqueron, Caaguazu, Caazapa, Canindeyu, Central, Concepcion, Cordillera, Guaira, Itapua, Misiones, Neembucu, Paraguari, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro

Legal System

based on Argentine codes, Roman law, and French codes; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal and compulsory up to age 75

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent: at least one parent must be a native-born citizen of Paraguay dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years

Executive Branch

chief of state: President Santiago PEÑA Palacios (since 15 August 2023); Vice President Pedro ALLIANA (since 15 August 2023); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Santiago PEÑA Palacios (since 15 August 2023); Vice President Pedro ALLIANA (since 15 August 2023); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 30 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2028) election results: Santiago PEÑA Palacios elected president; percent of vote - Santiago PEÑA Palacios (ANR-Colorado Party) 42.7%, Efraín ALEGRE (GANAR Alliance) 27.5%, Paraguayo CUBAS (Cruzada Nacional) 22.9%, other 6.9%

Legislative Branch

Bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of the Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (45 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (80 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) Elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 30 April 2023 (next to be held April 2028); Chamber of Deputies - last held 30 April 2023 (next to be held April 2028) Election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 23, PLRA 12, Hagamos 4, PPQ 2, PEN 1, others 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 49, PLRA 17, Hagamos 5, PPQ 3, others 6 Note: The Colorado Party (ANR) has maintained a dominant position in both chambers following the 2023 elections, continuing a pattern of legislative control that has persisted for much of Paraguay's modern democratic era. Smaller parties and coalitions hold the remaining seats, reflecting a competitive but ANR-leaning legislative landscape.

Judicial Branch

Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges appointed on the proposal of the Council of Magistrates or Consejo de la Magistratura)

Political Parties

Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR [Herminio CACERES, interim president]; Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Enrique GONZALEZ Quintana, acting chairman]; Patria Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL Niella]; Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Luis TORALES Kennedy]; Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA [Blas LLANO]; Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares] note: Nicanor DUARTE Frutos on leave as party leader of the Colorado Party or ANR while serving as President of Paraguay; Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva, leader of UNACE, is currently serving a ten-year prison term

Head of State

President Santiago PEÑA Palacios

Head of Government

President Santiago PEÑA Palacios

Cabinet

Council of Ministers appointed by the president

Elections

Chamber of Senators - last held 30 April 2023 (next to be held April 2028); Chamber of Deputies - last held 30 April 2023 (next to be held April 2028)

Election Results

Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 23, PLRA 12, Hagamos 4, PPQ 2, PEN 1, others 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ANR 49, PLRA 17, Hagamos 5, PPQ 3, others 6 Note: The Colorado Party (ANR) secured a commanding majority in both chambers following the April 2023 general elections, with Santiago Peña of the ANR winning the presidency in the same electoral cycle. The party's legislative dominance continues a long-standing pattern in Paraguayan politics, interrupted only briefly between 2008 and 2013. Smaller parties and opposition coalitions, including the Authentic Radical Liberal Party (PLRA) and the Hagamos movement, hold the remaining seats, reflecting a competitive but firmly ANR-led legislative landscape.

Constitution

promulgated 20 June 1992

Independence

14 May 1811 (from Spain)

National Holiday

Independence Day, 14 May (1811) (observed 15 May annually)

International Organization Participation

FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic Representation in the U.S.

chief of mission: Ambassador James SPALDING Hellmers chancery: 2400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-6960 through 6962 FAX: [1] (202) 234-4508 consulate(s) general: Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami, New York

U.S. Diplomatic Representation

Ambassador James C. CASON embassy: 1776 Avenida Mariscal Lopez, Casilla Postal 402, Asuncion mailing address: Unit 4711, APO AA 34036-0001 telephone: [595] (21) 213-715 FAX: [595] (21) 213-728

Capital City

Asunción

Location

25 16 S, 57 40 W

Time Difference

UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

History

the name means "assumption" and derives from the original name given to the city at its founding in 1537, Nuestra Senora Santa Maria de la Asuncion (Our Lady Saint Mary of the Assumption)

U.S. Embassy Asuncion 1776 Mariscal Lopez Avenue, Asuncion, Paraguay. Telephone: 595-21-213-715 Emergency after-hours telephone: 595-21-213-715 then press 0 to be connected to the Operator Facsimile: 595-21-228-603 E-mail: ParaguayConsular@state.gov

Military Branches

Armed Forces Command (Commando de las Fuerzas Militares): Army, National Navy (Armada Nacional, includes Marine Corps, Naval Aviation, and Coast Guard), Paraguayan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Paraguay, FAP), Logistics Command, War Materiel Directorate

Service Age and Obligation

18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy; volunteers for the Air Force must be younger than 22 years of age with a secondary school diploma