People and Society of Singapore

Nationality

Singaporean(s)

Ethnic Groups

Chinese 76.7%, Malay 14%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4%

Population

5,917,600

Good medical care is widely available in Singapore. Doctors and hospitals expect immediate payment for health services by credit card or cash and generally do not accept U.S. health insurance. Hospitals may require a substantial deposit before admitting you into the hospital for any major medical treatment. The U.S. Embassy cannot provide a letter of guarantee for payment. Recipients of health care should be aware that Ministry of Health auditors in certain circumstances may be granted access to patient medical records without the consent of the patient, and in certain circumstances physicians may be required to provide information relating to the diagnosis or treatment without the patient's consent. Despite vigorous mosquito eradication efforts, Singapore has had occasional outbreaks of mosquito-transmitted illnesses, such as dengue fever and the viral disease Chikungunya. For the most current health information regarding disease outbreaks in Singapore, visit the CDC’s website. If you visit Singapore during a pandemic such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, you should expect that the Singapore government may order you to quarantine if you exhibit symptoms or have had contact with someone who has exhibited symptoms. Also, you should expect that you may be subject to quarantine if you were seated within several rows of a potentially infected person on a plane or public area or have recently traveled to countries more affected by the pandemic. You should also expect to encounter screening in public facilities such as the airport, hospitals, and museums. Please visit Singapore's Ministry of Health website for the most up-to-date information on infectious diseases in Singapore. During the summer months, Singapore frequently experiences haze and air pollution caused by forest fires and the burning of agricultural waste in neighboring countries. Air pollution during these periods can reach levels considered hazardous to health. Please visit the website of Singapore’s National Environment Agency for the latest information on air pollution level.

Life Expectancy at Birth

Singapore consistently ranks among the world's leaders in life expectancy, reflecting the nation's exceptional healthcare system, high standard of living, and strong public health infrastructure. As of the most recent available data, the average life expectancy at birth in Singapore is approximately 83 to 84 years overall, with women typically living longer than men. Female life expectancy hovers around 85 to 86 years, while male life expectancy sits at roughly 81 to 82 years. These figures place Singapore among the top countries globally for longevity, alongside Japan, Switzerland, and a handful of other high-income nations. This achievement is the result of decades of sustained investment in healthcare, urban planning, clean water and sanitation, and preventive health programs. Singapore operates a tiered healthcare financing model built around three main pillars: Medisave, a compulsory individual savings account for medical expenses; MediShield Life, a mandatory national health insurance scheme; and Medifund, a safety-net endowment fund for those unable to afford care even after other subsidies. Together, these programs ensure that residents across virtually all income levels have access to quality medical care. The country maintains a robust network of polyclinics, general practitioners, and specialist hospitals, keeping both communicable and non-communicable diseases well managed. Low infant mortality rates, effective management of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and a cultural emphasis on health and diet all contribute to the population's extended lifespan. The government actively promotes healthy aging through national wellness campaigns and community-based eldercare programs, recognizing that a growing proportion of its population is over the age of 65. Singapore is one of the fastest-aging societies in Asia, and long-term planning for elder care has become a central public policy priority. Lifestyle factors also play a role. Singapore's urban environment encourages walking, and the country's food culture, while diverse, incorporates a significant amount of fresh produce, seafood, and rice-based meals. Smoking rates have declined steadily due to strict tobacco regulations, graphic health warnings, and sustained public education efforts. While life expectancy continues to trend upward, Singapore does face challenges associated with its rapidly aging population, including increased demand for long-term care, mental health services, and age-related chronic illness management. The rise in conditions such as dementia and metabolic disorders presents ongoing pressure on the healthcare system. Nonetheless, the overall trajectory remains positive, and Singapore's life expectancy statistics continue to stand as a benchmark for healthcare effectiveness and quality of life worldwide.

Infant Mortality Rate

Singapore consistently ranks among the countries with the lowest infant mortality rates in the world, reflecting the nation's exceptional healthcare infrastructure, highly trained medical professionals, and strong public health policies. As of the most recent available data, Singapore's infant mortality rate stands at approximately 1.7 to 2 deaths per 1,000 live births. This figure places Singapore well below the global average of roughly 27 deaths per 1,000 live births, and far below the averages seen in many developing regions. It also compares favorably with other high-income nations, frequently placing Singapore among the top five globally for lowest infant mortality. Several factors contribute to this achievement. Singapore operates a universal healthcare system with comprehensive prenatal and postnatal care programs that ensure mothers and newborns receive consistent medical attention. Hospitals are well-equipped with advanced neonatal intensive care units capable of supporting premature and critically ill infants. The country's high literacy rate and strong emphasis on public health education also play a role, as families are generally well-informed about infant nutrition, hygiene, and early warning signs of illness. The government actively monitors maternal and child health outcomes through the Ministry of Health, which tracks and publishes health statistics annually. Vaccination programs are highly effective, with near-universal immunization coverage protecting infants from a wide range of preventable diseases. Clean water access, food safety standards, and well-regulated childcare environments further reduce risks during the vulnerable early months of life. Singapore's success in maintaining such a low infant mortality rate is the result of decades of sustained investment in healthcare and social infrastructure. The country serves as a model for other nations seeking to improve child survival outcomes, demonstrating that a combination of accessible medical care, government accountability, and public health education can produce measurable and lasting results.

Literacy Definition

age 15 and over can read and write

Chinese (official), Malay (official and national), Tamil (official), English (official)

• Bahasa
• English
• Malay
• Tamil

Crime Information

The crime rate in Singapore is generally low. Even so, you should exercise caution when in congested areas and pay particular attention to personal belongings while in crowded shopping malls and markets, at the airport, and while traveling on public transportation. To avoid falling victim to credit card fraud, you should not carry multiple credit cards on your person, not allow credit cards to be removed from your sight, avoid giving credit card information over the phone, and use only secure Internet connections for financial transactions. Don’t buy counterfeit and pirated goods, as not only are the bootlegs illegal in the United States, if you purchase them, you may also be breaking local law.

Criminal Penalties

Foreign laws and legal systems can be vastly different from our own. While you are traveling in Singapore, you are subject to its laws even if you are a U.S. citizen. If you break local laws in Singapore, your U.S. passport won’t help you avoid arrest or prosecution. It’s very important to know what’s legal and what’s not in Singapore. In Singapore, you may be taken in for questioning if you don’t have your passport with you. Driving under the influence could land you immediately in jail. In Singapore, you can be arrested for jaywalking, littering, or spitting. Commercial disputes that may be handled as civil suits in the United States can escalate to criminal cases in Singapore and may result in heavy fines and prison sentences. There are also some things that might be legal in Singapore but still illegal in the United States. You can be prosecuted under U.S. law if you buy pirated goods. Engaging in sexual conduct with children or using or disseminating child pornography in a foreign country is a crime prosecutable in the United States. Mandatory Caning Sentences: Singapore has a mandatory caning sentence for vandalism offenses. Authorities in Singapore may also impose caning for immigration violations and other offenses. Singaporean authorities do impose these sentences on foreign nationals, including U.S. citizens. Males over the age of 50 and women are not subject to caning. Mandatory Death Penalty for Many Narcotics Offenses: Singapore police have the authority to compel both residents and non-residents to submit to random drug analysis. They do not distinguish between drugs consumed before or after entering Singapore in applying local laws. In Singapore, detained U.S. citizens have been surprised when they were arrested for violations that would not have resulted in arrest in the United States. There are no jury trials in Singapore. Judges hear cases and decide sentencing. The Government of Singapore does not provide legal assistance except in capital cases; legal assistance may be available in some other cases through the Law Society. Carrying Firearms: There are very strict penalties for those who possess or carry arms, or who commit crimes with arms. Singaporean authorities define “arm” as any firearm, air-gun, air-pistol, automatic gun, automatic pistol, and any other kind of gun or pistol from which any shot, bullet, or other projectiles can be discharged or from which noxious liquid, flame, or fumes can be emitted, and any component thereof. This definition also includes any bomb or grenade and any component thereof. The unlawful possession of any arm or ammunition, including a single bullet in your luggage as you transit the airport, could result in imprisonment and caning. If you are convicted of committing a crime with an arm, you could receive punishment which could result in the maximum penalty of imprisonment for life and caning. Engaging in sexual conduct: In Singapore, local law prohibits causing or encouraging prostitution of, or engaging in sexual relations with, a female below the age of 18. An indecent assault against anyone, male or female, regardless of age, is also prohibited. If you are convicted of facilitating or abetting the prostitution of any woman or girl, you could be sentenced to imprisonment of up to five years and a fine, or both. If the crime involves a female below the age of 16, you face an additional charge carrying a possible sentence of imprisonment of up to three years and a fine, or both. Singapore enforces strict laws pertaining to the propriety of behavior between people and the modesty of individuals. The Singaporean law “Outrage of Modesty” is defined as an assault or use of criminal force on any person with the intent to, or the knowledge that it may, outrage the modesty of that person. Penalties may include imprisonment for up to two years, a fine, caning, or a combination thereof. Men are sometimes accused of inappropriately touching other people, often women, resulting in their prosecution and punishment under this Singaporean law. Scams involving a claim of outrage of modesty are thought to exist, and male travelers should be very cautious when frequenting popular nightspots. Arrest notifications in Singapore: If you are arrested in Singapore, authorities of Singapore are required to notify the U.S. Embassy of your arrest. If you are concerned the Embassy may not be aware of your situation, you should request the police or prison officials to notify the Embassy of your arrest.