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Geography and Environment

Geography and Environment of Lebanon

Terrain, climate, natural resources, hazards, and environmental conditions of Lebanon.

Speed

Overview

Lebanon is renowned for its scenic beauty, although uncontrolled development and exploitation mar many areas. Along the Mediterranean there is a narrow coastal strip, with cities, suburbs, and some banana, citrus, and olive groves. A dramatic mountain chain rises to over 10,000 feet within 20 miles of the coast, with impressive terracing and cultivation. Although pine forests abound, the famed Cedars of Lebanon now exist only in a few small groves preserved in the north and central regions. Distances are short in Lebanon, and travel from the seashore to mountain areas can be done easily in an hour by car.

Detailed geography

Physical Features

Terrain
narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Climate
From May through October, sunny weather prevails and rain is infrequent. Temperatures rarely go above 90°F in the summer. Fall and spring are relatively short. Winters are mild (in the city, winter temperatures rarely drop below 40°F and damp. Most of the country's annual rainfall (about 36 inches) occurs from December through March. Winter storms frequently are accompanied by high winds, lightning, and thunder.
Weather Patterns
http://voap.weather.com/weather/oap/LEXX0003?template=TRVLH&par=1003114983&unit=0&key=5b85ae1d85877a1b34827fba743e2133
Highest Point
3088 — Qurnat as Sawda' 3,088 m
Lowest Point
Mediterranean Sea 0 m

Borders and Area

Area (Comparative)
about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut
Border Countries
Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km

Natural Resources and Hazards

Natural Resources
Limestone, iron ore, salt, arable land, and water resources represent Lebanon's primary natural assets. Despite its small size, Lebanon has historically been considered a water-surplus country relative to its neighbors in the water-scarce Middle East region, benefiting from significant rainfall, snowmelt from the Lebanon Mountains, and several rivers including the Litani. However, decades of infrastructure neglect, conflict, and mismanagement have increasingly strained the country's ability to effectively harness and distribute these water resources. Fertile arable land, particularly in the Bekaa Valley, continues to support agricultural activity, though economic crisis and rural depopulation have reduced its productive potential in recent years.
Natural Hazards
dust storms, sandstorms

Environment and Land Use

Current Environmental Issues
deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills
International Agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation