People and Society of Guinea

Nationality

Guinean(s)

Ethnic Groups

Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%

Population

13,531,906

Population in Major Urban Areas

CONAKRY (capital) 1.786 million

Medical facilities are poorly equipped and extremely limited, both in the capital city and throughout Guinea. Medicines are in short supply and of questionable quality, sterility of equipment should not be assumed, and treatment is frequently unreliable. Some private medical facilities provide a better range of treatment options than public facilities, but are still well below western standards. There is one ambulance in Conakry but there are no ambulance or emergency rescue services in Guinea. Trauma care is extremely limited. Water in Guinea is presumed to be contaminated, so travelers should use only bottled or distilled water for drinking. Malaria is a serious risk to travelers in Guinea; prophylaxis against malaria, purchased in the United States, is recommended. For additional information on malaria, including protective measures, visit CDC’s malaria web page. In addition, in recent years, meningitis outbreaks have occurred periodically, in particular during the rainy season and especially in the eastern part of the country, but also in the capital; therefore vaccination against meningitis is recommended.

Life Expectancy at Birth

Life expectancy at birth in Guinea stands at approximately 60 to 61 years, reflecting the persistent public health challenges the country continues to face. This figure places Guinea among the lower-ranked nations globally in terms of longevity, though it represents meaningful progress compared to earlier decades when life expectancy hovered closer to 45 years. Several interconnected factors contribute to the relatively low life expectancy. Guinea struggles with high rates of infectious and communicable diseases, including malaria, which remains one of the leading causes of death and illness, particularly among children under five. Tuberculosis, respiratory infections, and diarrheal diseases also take a significant toll on the population. Access to clean drinking water and adequate sanitation infrastructure remains limited in many rural areas, creating conditions that accelerate the spread of preventable illness. Maternal and infant mortality rates are notably high, which significantly weighs down the overall life expectancy figure. Guinea has one of the higher maternal mortality ratios in sub-Saharan Africa, with many births occurring outside of formal medical facilities due to geographic remoteness and limited healthcare infrastructure. Undernourishment and food insecurity further compound health risks, particularly for young children and pregnant women. The country's healthcare system faces considerable strain from underfunding, shortages of trained medical personnel, and insufficient medical supplies. Rural communities are especially underserved, as most specialized healthcare facilities are concentrated in Conakry, the capital city. There is a notable gender gap in life expectancy, with women in Guinea generally outliving men by approximately two to three years. Women are estimated to live to around 62 years on average, while men reach roughly 59 to 60 years. Ongoing efforts by the Guinean government, international health organizations, and non-governmental groups are targeting improvements in childhood vaccination coverage, maternal healthcare, malaria prevention, and access to clean water. Gradual improvements in these areas have contributed to a slow but steady upward trend in life expectancy recorded over recent decades, and continued investment in public health infrastructure is expected to further extend average lifespans in the years ahead.

Infant Mortality Rate

Guinea faces one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world, reflecting the significant public health challenges that continue to affect the country's youngest and most vulnerable population. As of recent estimates, Guinea's infant mortality rate stands at approximately 60 to 65 deaths per 1,000 live births, meaning that roughly 1 in every 15 to 17 infants born in Guinea does not survive to see their first birthday. This figure, while representing a notable improvement from past decades, remains far above the global average of around 28 deaths per 1,000 live births. Several interconnected factors drive this persistently high rate. Neonatal conditions, including birth asphyxia, premature birth, and neonatal sepsis, account for a significant share of infant deaths. Beyond the newborn period, preventable infectious diseases such as malaria, diarrheal diseases, pneumonia, and measles continue to claim the lives of infants at alarming rates. Malnutrition compounds these risks considerably, weakening immune responses and making infants far more susceptible to illness. Access to quality healthcare remains uneven across Guinea. Rural populations, which make up the majority of the country's residents, often face long distances to the nearest health facility, shortages of trained medical personnel, and limited availability of essential medicines and equipment. Urban centers such as Conakry offer comparatively better access to maternal and child health services, though even there, infrastructure gaps persist. Skilled birth attendance and antenatal care coverage have gradually improved through targeted health programs supported by international organizations and the Guinean government. Vaccination campaigns targeting diseases like measles and polio have also contributed to reductions in infant deaths over time. Still, Guinea's under-five mortality rate and infant mortality rate both remain among the highest on the African continent. Continued investment in primary healthcare infrastructure, community health worker programs, clean water and sanitation access, and maternal nutrition support will be essential to sustaining progress and meaningfully reducing infant mortality across Guinea's diverse regions in the coming years.

Major Infectious Diseases

Very high

Literacy Definition

Age 15 and over can read and write

• Muslim85.0%
• Christian8.0%
• indigenous beliefs7.0%

French (official), each ethnic group has its own language

• French

Crime Information

In Conakry, as in many large cities, crime is a fact of daily life. Residential and street crimes are very common. Some crime is perpetrated by individuals in military uniforms. Sentiments toward U.S. citizens in Guinea are generally positive, but criminals regularly target foreigners, including U.S. citizens, because they are perceived as lucrative targets. Crime – both nonviolent and violent – is a problem. Most nonviolent crime involves acts of pick-pocketing and purse-snatching, while armed robbery, muggings, assaults, and carjackings are the most common violent crimes. Despite the police’s good intentions, they have been unable to prevent the rapid escalation of crime. Police and military officials have also been known to make direct and indirect requests for bribes. Criminals particularly target visitors at the airport, in the traditional markets, and near hotels and restaurants frequented by foreigners. Visitors should avoid unsolicited offers of assistance at the airport and hotels because such offers often mask an intention to steal luggage, purses, or wallets. Travelers should arrange for hotel personnel, family members, or business contacts to meet them at the airport to reduce their vulnerability to these crimes of opportunity. Commercial scams and disputes with local business partners can create legal difficulties for U.S. citizens because corruption is widespread in Guinea. Business is routinely based on bribes rather than the law, and enforcement of the law is irregular and inefficient. The U.S. Embassy has extremely limited recourse in assisting U.S. citizens who are victims of illegal business deals. Business fraud is rampant and the targets are usually foreigners, including U.S. citizens. Schemes previously associated exclusively with Nigeria are now prevalent throughout West Africa, including Guinea, and pose a danger of severe financial loss. Typically these scams begin with the receipt of an unsolicited communication (usually by e-mail) from a stranger who promises quick financial gain, often by transferring large sums of money or valuables out of the country, but then require a series of "advance fees" to be paid—such as fees for legal documents or taxes—to finalize the release of funds. The final payoff does not exist; the purpose of the scam is simply to collect the advance fees. A common variation is the scammer’s claim to be a refugee or émigré from a prominent West African family, or a relative of a present or former political leader who needs assistance in transferring large sums of cash. Still other variations appear to be legitimate business deals that require advance payments on contracts. Sometimes victims are convinced to provide bank account and credit card information and financial authorizations that drain their accounts, incur large debts against their credit, and take their life savings. The best way to avoid becoming a victim of advance-fee fraud is common sense—if a proposition looks too good to be true, it probably is. You should carefully check into and research any unsolicited business proposal before committing funds, providing goods or services, or undertaking any travel. A good clue to a scam is the phone number given to the victim; legitimate businesses and offices provide fixed-line numbers, while scams typically involve the use of only cell phones. It is virtually impossible to recover money lost through these scams. Don’t buy counterfeit and pirated goods, even if they are widely available. Not only are the bootlegs illegal in the United States, you may be breaking local law too.

Criminal Penalties

While you are traveling in Guinea, you are subject to its laws even if you are a U.S. citizen. Foreign laws and legal systems can be vastly different than our own. In some places, you may be taken in for questioning if you don’t have your passport with you. In some places, it is illegal to take pictures of certain buildings. In some places, driving under the influence could land you immediately in jail. These criminal penalties will vary from country to country. There are also some things that might be legal in the country you visit, but still illegal in the United States. For example, you can be prosecuted under U.S. law if you buy pirated goods. Engaging in sexual conduct with children or using or disseminating child pornography in a foreign country is a crime prosecutable in the United States. If your break the local laws in Guinea, your U.S. passport won’t help you avoid arrest or prosecution. It is very important to know what is legal and what is not legal where you are going. Persons violating Guinean laws, even unknowingly, may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. Penalties for possessing, using, or trafficking in illegal drugs in Guinea are severe, and convicted offenders can expect long jail sentences and heavy fines. It is common for criminal cases to take months, if not years, to reach a verdict. Arrest notifications in host country: While some countries will automatically notify the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate if a U.S. citizen is detained or arrested, that might not always be the case. To ensure that the United States is aware of your circumstances, request that the police and prison officials notify the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate if you are arrested or detained overseas.