Geography and Environment

Geography and Environment of Christmas Island

Terrain, climate, natural resources, hazards, and environmental conditions of Christmas Island.

Terrain: steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Climate: tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April
Highest Point: 361 — Murray Hill 361 m
Lowest Point: Indian Ocean 0 m

Natural Resources: Phosphate, timber, fish, and beaches. Christmas Island's most significant natural resource has historically been phosphate, which has been mined on the island since the late 19th century and continues to be extracted today, though at reduced levels compared to peak production periods. The island's tropical rainforest covers a substantial portion of its land area and supports rich biodiversity. Surrounding waters offer marine resources, while the island's pristine beaches and unique wildlife — including the famous annual red crab migration — contribute to a growing ecotourism sector.
Natural Hazards: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard

Detailed geography