Government and Politics of Chile

Government Type

republic

Administrative Divisions

13 regions (regiones, singular - region); Aisen del General Carlos Ibanez del Campo, Antofagasta, Araucania, Atacama, Bio-Bio, Coquimbo, Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, Los Lagos, Magallanes y de la Antartica Chilena, Maule, Region Metropolitana (Santiago), Tarapaca, Valparaiso

Legal System

based on Code of 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: yes dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Executive Branch

chief of state: President Gabriel BORIC Font (since 11 March 2022); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Gabriel BORIC Font (since 11 March 2022); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 21 November 2021, with runoff election held 19 December 2021 (next to be held in November 2025) election results: Gabriel BORIC Font elected president in runoff; percent of vote - Gabriel BORIC Font 55.9%; José Antonio KAST Rist 44.1%

Legislative Branch

Bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of the Senate or Senado (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve eight-year terms, with one-half elected every four years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (155 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms). Elections: Senate - last held on 21 November 2021 (next to be held in November 2025); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 21 November 2021 (next to be held in November 2025). Election results: Senate - seats by party/coalition - Chile Vamos 25 (UDI 9, RN 8, Evolucion Politica 4, other 4), Apruebo Dignidad and allies 13 (PS 5, PPD 3, PC 3, other 2), other and independent 12; Chamber of Deputies - seats by party/coalition - Chile Vamos 53 (UDI 23, RN 22, Evolucion Politica 8), Apruebo Dignidad and allies 37 (PC 12, Convergencia Social 9, Apruebo Lista del Pueblo 8, other 8), La Moneda 37 (PDC 8, PPD 9, PS 13, PRSD 4, other 3), other and independent 28.

Judicial Branch

Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are appointed by the president and ratified by the Senate from lists of candidates provided by the court itself; the president of the Supreme Court is elected every three years by the 20-member court); Constitutional Tribunal

Political Parties

Alliance for Chile (“Alianza”) or APC (including National Renewal or RN [Sergio DIEZ Urzia] and Independent Democratic Union or UDI [Jovino NOVOA Vasquez]); Coalition of Parties for Democracy (“Concertacion”) or CPD (including Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Adolfo ZALDIVAR Larrain], Socialist Party or PS [Ricardo NUNEZ], Party for Democracy or PPD [Victor BARRUETO], Radical Social Democratic Party or PRSD [Jose Antonio GOMEZ Urrutia]); Communist Party or PC [Guillermo TEILLIER]

Head of State

President Gabriel BORIC Font

Head of Government

President Gabriel BORIC Font

Cabinet

Cabinet appointed by the president

Elections

Senate - last held on 21 November 2021 (next to be held in November 2025); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 21 November 2021 (next to be held in November 2025).

Election Results

Senate - seats by party/coalition (following the November 2021 elections): Chile Vamos 24 (UDI 9, RN 8, Evolución Política 4, other 3), Apruebo Dignidad and allies 14 (PS 5, PPD 3, PC 3, other 3), other and independent 12; Chamber of Deputies - seats by party/coalition: Chile Vamos 53 (UDI 23, RN 22, Evolución Política 8), Apruebo Dignidad and allies 37 (PC 12, Convergencia Social 9, Apruebo Lista del Pueblo 8, other 8), La Moneda/centrist bloc 37 (PDC 8, PPD 9, PS 13, PRSD 4, other 3), other and independent 28. Following the 2021 presidential runoff, Gabriel Boric of Apruebo Dignidad defeated José Antonio Kast of the Partido Republicano with approximately 56% of the vote, taking office in March 2022 as Chile's youngest-ever president. Subsequent shifts in coalition alignments have altered effective seat distributions, particularly as Boric's governing coalition lost ground in the 2023 municipal and regional elections, reflecting declining approval and challenges to his legislative agenda.

Constitution

11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981, amended 30 July 1989, 1993, and 1997

Independence

18 September 1810 (from Spain)

National Holiday

Independence Day, 18 September (1810)

International Organization Participation

APEC, BIS, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Diplomatic Representation in the U.S.

chief of mission: Ambassador Andres BIANCHI chancery: 1732 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 530-4104, 530-4106, 530-4107 FAX: [1] (202) 887-5579 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico)

U.S. Diplomatic Representation

chief of mission: Ambassador Craig A. KELLY embassy: Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Las Condes, Santiago mailing address: APO AA 34033 telephone: [56] (2) 232-2600 FAX: [56] (2) 330-3710

Capital City

Santiago; note - Valparaiso is the seat of the national legislature

Location

33 27 S, 70 40 W

Time Difference

UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

History

Santiago is named after the biblical figure Saint James (ca. A.D. 3-44), patron saint of Spain, but especially revered in Galicia; "Santiago" derives from the local Galician evolution of the Vulgar Latin "Sanctu Iacobu"; Valparaiso derives from the Spanish "Valle Paraiso" meaning "Paradise Valley"

U.S. Embassy Santiago Address: Avenida Andres Bello 2800, Las Condes, Santiago Telephone switchboard: 56-2-2330-3000 Telephone from the United States: 011-56-2-2330-3000 Emergency after-hours telephone: 56-2-2330-3000 Consular Section fax number: 56-2-2330-3710 E-mail address for U.S. citizens: santiagoamcit@state.gov Internet address for hours and general information: http://chile.usembassy.gov

Military Branches

Army of the Nation, Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile, includes Naval Aviation, Marine Corps, and Maritime Territory and Merchant Marine Directorate (Directemar)), Chilean Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Chile, FACh), Carabineros Corps (Cuerpo de Carabineros)

Service Age and Obligation

18-45 years of age for voluntary male and female military service, although the right to compulsory recruitment of males 18-45 is retained; service obligation is 12 months for Army and 22 months for Navy and Air Force