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政府与政治

直布罗陀的政府与政治

直布罗陀的政府结构、领导人、首都、军事和国家象征。

政府结构

宪法基础、权力分支、政党和领导层。

政府类型
NA
行政区划
无(英国海外领土)
法律制度
英国法系
选举权
18岁及以上;普遍选举权,加上居住满六个月或以上的其他英国臣民
公民身份
参见英国
行政部门
国家元首:国王查尔斯三世(自2022年9月8日起),由总督David STEEL爵士代表(自2020年2月8日起) 政府首脑:首席部长Fabian PICARDO(自2011年12月9日起) 内阁:由总督根据首席部长的意见从直布罗陀议会17名当选议员中任命的部长委员会 选举:无;君主制实行世袭;总督由君主任命;立法选举后,多数党领导人或多数联盟领导人通常由总督任命为首席部长
立法机构
一院制直布罗陀议会(17个席位;10名议员通过改良式集团投票制从单一选区由普选产生,选民最多可投10票;议员任期四年;议长由议会选举产生,无需为议员,负责主持会议但无投票权;总督在特定情况下亦可任命总检察长及财政秘书为当然议员) 选举:最后一次选举于2023年10月12日举行(下次选举不迟于2027年) 选举结果:按政党得票率 - 直布罗陀社会劳工党-自由党联盟52.0%,直布罗陀社民党47.7%;按政党席位 - 直布罗陀社会劳工党-自由党联盟8席,直布罗陀社民党7席;由首席部长Fabian Picardo领导的直布罗陀社会劳工党-自由党联盟连续第四届蝉联执政
司法部门
最高法院;上诉法院
政治党派
直布罗陀自由党[约瑟夫·加西亚];直布罗陀社会民主党或GSD[彼得·卡鲁阿纳];直布罗陀社会劳动党或GSLP[约瑟夫·约翰·博萨诺]
国家元首
女王伊丽莎白二世
政府首脑
首席部长彼得·卡鲁阿纳
柜子
部长委员会由议会的17名当选议员中任免,由总督在与首席部长协商的基础上任免
选举
君主制为世袭制;总督由君主任命;立法选举后,多数党领导人或多数联盟领导人通常由总督任免为首席部长
选举结果
在2023年10月举行的最近一次直布罗陀大选中,GSLP-自由党联盟以约49.9%的得票率赢得选举,而GSD获得约47.1%的选票。就议席而言,GSLP-自由党联盟在直布罗陀议会中赢得8个席位,GSD赢得7个席位。首席部长Fabian Picardo与GSLP-自由党联盟继续执政,这是他们连续第四届担任执政党。
宪法
1969年5月30日
独立
无(英国海外领土)
国家假日
国庆日,9月10日(1967年);注 - 全民公投日,决定是否与英国保持关系或加入西班牙
国际组织参与
国际刑警组织(分局)
驻美外交代表机构
无(英国海外领土)
美国外交代表
无(英国海外领土)

首都

政府所在地和政治历史

首都
直布罗陀
位置
36 08 N, 5 21 W
时差
UTC+1(标准时间比华盛顿特区早6小时)
历史
源自阿拉伯语"Jabal Tariq"的西班牙语派生词,意为"塔里克之山",指直布罗陀巨岩

军事

分支机构、服务义务、支出和人力。

军事分支
直布罗陀皇家团

国家象征

国旗、国歌及其他国家认同的象征

国旗

Flag of 直布罗陀
旗帜象征
直布罗陀的旗帜是直布罗陀纹章的一个细长横幅,由伊莎贝拉女王陛下于1502年7月10日通过皇家令状授予。 一个盾徽,其上三分之二为白色字段,在该字段上设有一座红色城堡,在所述城堡下方,在盾徽的另外三分之一处,该部分必须为红色字段,其中在城堡和所述红色字段之间必须有一条白线,将有一把金色的钥匙,该钥匙通过一条链从所述城堡上悬挂,如图所示
旗帜历史
城堡和钥匙象征着直布罗陀要塞作为地中海钥匙的战略重要性。
采纳日期
1982年11月8日

国歌

国歌歌词(英文)
Gibraltar, Gibraltar the rock on which I stand, May you be forever free, Gibraltar, my own land. Mighty pillar, rock of splendour, guardian of the sea, Port of hope in times of need, rich in history. Gibraltar, Gibraltar, the rock on which I stand, May you be forever free, Gibraltar my own land. God give grace to this our homeland, help us to live as one, Strong in freedom, truth and justice, let this be our song: Gibraltar, Gibraltar, the rock on which I stand, May you be forever free, Gibraltar! Gibraltar! My own land.
国歌历史
Gibraltar retains as its official anthem God Save the Queen in common with the other United Kingdom dependencies. However, it also has its own local anthem which was chosen in a competition in 1994. Both the lyrics and music were composed by Peter Emberley.

其他国家象征

  • Coat of Arms

    crown jewels

    Arms consisting of a triple-towered castle with a golden key dependent from the centre were granted to “The Most Loyal City of Gibraltar” by Ferdinand and Isabella in the year 1502. The original grant on vellum is now in the archives of the Municipality of San Roque. The words usually found underneath the Arms are “Montis Insignia Calpe”, meaning “Badge of the Rock of Gibraltar” and these words also appear on the Colours of the Suffolk Regiment, which Regiment obtained permission to have the Arms of Gibraltar inscribed on their Colours in recognition of the gallant part they played in the Siege of Gibraltar. The words “Nulli Expugnabilis Hosti” meaning “Conquered By No Enemy” also occasionally appear under the Arms of Gibraltar, having been copied from the Official Seal of the Colony which consists of a picture of the Rock with these words underneath. In 1869, a Circular despatch was sent to all Colonies requesting that a sketch of the Arms or Badge to be adorned in the centre of the Union Jack used by the Governor should be supplied to the Colonial Office. The sketch which was submitted by this Government on the 1 st January 1870, depicted the triple towered castle with dependent key with the words “Montis Insignia Calpe” underneath. This design was approved by the then Secretary of State and concurred in by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. In 1875 a copy of an Admiralty Flag Book was forwarded to all Colonies with an enquiry as to whether the devices shown in the centre of the flags were correct. It was also stated in the same despatch that in those Colours in which Badges for Flags had been approved which differed from the Armorial Bearings or device shown on the Seal of the Colony, no objection would be offered to their continued use but that it was hoped that the first opportunity would be taken of adopting the device on the Seal. The reply to this despatch was to the effect that the Badge for the Union Jack shown in the Flag Book was correct but that it differed from the device on the Seal of the Colony and that the earliest opportunity of adopting the latter device would be taken. The origin of the device on the Seal of the Colony which consists of a picture of the Rock with a sailing ship in the foreground and the words “Nulli Expugnabilis Hosti” underneath cannot be traced but it has been suggested that it has been taken from a Commemorative Medal of the Siege, which is believed to have been designed under instructions from General Eliott. No record of such a model can, however, be traced. No action has been taken with regard to replacing the badge originally approved for the centre of the Union Jack by the device shown on the Seal and in his despatch No. 171 of the 28 th September 1926, the late Sir Charles Monro recommended that the Arms originally granted by Ferdinand and Isabella should be regarded as the true and proper Arms of Gibraltar and that the device on the Seal should be changed to conform with this as soon as opportunity offered. He also recommended that the words “Montis Insignia Calpe” should be regarded as part of the device. The Secretary of State sought the advice of the Garter King of Arms as to whether the Arms granted by Ferdinand and Isabella could be regarded as the recognised ones without the necessity for a Royal Warrant and, if so, whether they could be placed on record officially with the addition of the motto “Montis Insignia Calpe”. He was advised that this could be done without the issue of a Royal Warrant and it was suggested that a properly attested and accurate copy of the Grant of Arms in 1502 should be recorded at the College of Arms.

  • Coat of Arms

    Arms consisting of a triple-towered castle with a golden key dependent from the centre were granted to “The Most Loyal City of Gibraltar” by Ferdinand and Isabella in the year 1502. The original grant on vellum is now in the archives of the Municipality of San Roque. The words usually found underneath the Arms are “Montis Insignia Calpe”, meaning “Badge of the Rock of Gibraltar” and these words also appear on the Colours of the Suffolk Regiment, which Regiment obtained permission to have the Arms of Gibraltar inscribed on their Colours in recognition of the gallant part they played in the Siege of Gibraltar. The words “Nulli Expugnabilis Hosti” meaning “Conquered By No Enemy” also occasionally appear under the Arms of Gibraltar, having been copied from the Official Seal of the Colony which consists of a picture of the Rock with these words underneath. In 1869, a Circular despatch was sent to all Colonies requesting that a sketch of the Arms or Badge to be adorned in the centre of the Union Jack used by the Governor should be supplied to the Colonial Office. The sketch which was submitted by this Government on the 1 st January 1870, depicted the triple towered castle with dependent key with the words “Montis Insignia Calpe” underneath. This design was approved by the then Secretary of State and concurred in by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. In 1875 a copy of an Admiralty Flag Book was forwarded to all Colonies with an enquiry as to whether the devices shown in the centre of the flags were correct. It was also stated in the same despatch that in those Colours in which Badges for Flags had been approved which differed from the Armorial Bearings or device shown on the Seal of the Colony, no objection would be offered to their continued use but that it was hoped that the first opportunity would be taken of adopting the device on the Seal. The reply to this despatch was to the effect that the Badge for the Union Jack shown in the Flag Book was correct but that it differed from the device on the Seal of the Colony and that the earliest opportunity of adopting the latter device would be taken. The origin of the device on the Seal of the Colony which consists of a picture of the Rock with a sailing ship in the foreground and the words “Nulli Expugnabilis Hosti” underneath cannot be traced but it has been suggested that it has been taken from a Commemorative Medal of the Siege, which is believed to have been designed under instructions from General Eliott. No record of such a model can, however, be traced. No action has been taken with regard to replacing the badge originally approved for the centre of the Union Jack by the device shown on the Seal and in his despatch No. 171 of the 28 th September 1926, the late Sir Charles Monro recommended that the Arms originally granted by Ferdinand and Isabella should be regarded as the true and proper Arms of Gibraltar and that the device on the Seal should be changed to conform with this as soon as opportunity offered. He also recommended that the words “Montis Insignia Calpe” should be regarded as part of the device. The Secretary of State sought the advice of the Garter King of Arms as to whether the Arms granted by Ferdinand and Isabella could be regarded as the recognised ones without the necessity for a Royal Warrant and, if so, whether they could be placed on record officially with the addition of the motto “Montis Insignia Calpe”. He was advised that this could be done without the issue of a Royal Warrant and it was suggested that a properly attested and accurate copy of the Grant of Arms in 1502 should be recorded at the College of Arms.

  • Motto

    “蒙蒂斯·因西格尼亚·卡尔佩”,意为“直布罗陀岩石的徽章”