斯洛文尼亚的政府与政治

其他国家象征

• 国花

  carnation

• 国花

  carnation

• 国树

  椴树(菩提树)

• 纹章

  采列伯爵 三枚金色六角星的纹章属于采列贵族世家,该家族源自日夫内克,最早在中世纪编年史中于1130年左右被提及。在随后的几个世纪里,它建立了一个具有影响力的领地,到1436年时已控制了斯洛文尼亚领土的大部分地区。当时,采列城中该家族的宫廷成为斯洛文尼亚人文主义思想和文艺复兴运动的中心。1456年采列王朝最后一位男性后裔遭到暗杀,标志着斯洛文尼亚领地本土统治时期的结束。从那时起直到20世纪,斯洛文尼亚人由外国人统治,其中最著名的是哈布斯堡王朝。

• 国徽

  斯洛文尼亚的国徽呈盾牌形。盾牌中央是蓝色背景上用白色表现的特里格拉夫山,山下有两条波浪形的蓝线,象征着海洋和河流,山上方有三颗金色的六角星,形成一个向下指向的三角形。盾牌的边框为红色。这枚国徽是根据一套标准的几何和色彩标准由学院派雕塑家马尔科·波加切尼克设计的。 盾牌的两侧都有红色边框,因此包含了斯洛文尼亚三色旗的全部三种颜色:白、蓝和红(山为白色,波浪为蓝色)。金色的星星使人想起卡尼奥拉历史旗帜的色彩之一,卡尼奥拉被认为是三色旗的前身。

• 国徽

  Form and colours The coat of arms of Slovenia has the form of a shield. In the middle of the shield, on a blue background, is a representation of Mount Triglav in white, under which there are two undulating blue lines symbolising the sea and rivers and above which there are three golden, six-pointed stars forming a downward-pointing triangle. The shield is bordered in red. The coat-of-arms was designed in accordance with a set standard of geometry and colour by the academy sculptor Marko Pogaènik. The shield has a red border at the sides and so features all three colours of the Slovenian tricolour: white, blue and red (the mountain is in white, the waves in blue). The gold stars recall one of the colours of the historical flag of the province of Carniola, regarded as the forerunner of the tricolour. The lower part of the coat of arms symbolises the Slovenian landscape, which comprises Alpine peaks in the northwest, the Adriatic sea in the south, and the plain of the ancient Pannonian Sea in the east. The verticality of the Alps is represented by the highest mountain, Triglav, while the level expansiveness of the maritime and lowland areas is expressed in the two horizontal waves. The mountain and the water at its foot can equally be understood as a universal symbol which does not refer uniquely to the Slovenian landscape. It symbolises the fundamental inner balance of the human individual, the balance between the masculine and feminine principles. The vertical extensions of the mountain denotes will and masculine power within the human being, while the horizontality and suppleness of the water symbolises attributes of femininity, all-encompassing and entire. The balance water between the feminine and masculine principles touches the very essence of humanity, and can at the same time be constructed on the global level as a symbol of the balance between nature and civilisation. In this way the coat-of-arms addresses an age which once more observes and cherishes balance in all things. The balance between the mountain and the water-levels is a token of Slovenian identity in terms of landscape. Slovenian identity on the spiritual and ethnical level is symbolised by the three six-pointed gold stars placed above in the form of a triangle pointing from the sky to the earth. The stars are aligned with the triangle formed by the three peaks of Triglav (whose name means “three- headed”), symbolising the terrestrial world. The coat-of-arms thus symbolically conjures the realm of the spiritual and ethereal principle and the world of earth and landscape, whereby the two are coextensive, interdependent and complementary. The three six-pointed golden stars are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, whose rule in the late Middle Ages united almost the entire Slovenian territory that is known today. The stars of the Counts of Celje thus symbolise the cultural and administrative tradition of Slovenian lands in the context of their involvement in the currents of European history. The design of the coat of arms The primeval pattern of the Slovenian coat of arms can be traced back to the poem “Krst pri Savici” (The Baptism on the Savica) by France Prešeren who is considered one of the founders of modern Slovenian nationhood. The poem deals with the question of Slovenian identity in the context of the conversion to Christianity. In the first stanza, the poet presents Mount Triglav, the lake beneath it, and the golden light above it. These same elements are represented in the coat of arms. The image of the Slovenian coat of arms was first encountered on Mary's column standing in front of the parish church at Bled, which was created by the architect Jože Pleènik in 1934. The reverse side of Mary's coat features a chiselled out coat of arms of the then Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Instead of the official coat of arms, the artist created a coat of arms composed of the shape of Triglav and a six-pointed star above it. Geometric design The Slovenian coat-of-arms is composed according to a precise geometric design based on the two equilateral triangles: the “celestial” and the “terrestrial” triangles whose tips meet at the lower of the three stars. The “terrestrial” part of the shield has two internal poles. One is the meandering of the two waves, while the other is Triglav, which is made up of three equilateral triangles. Together, they form the “terrestrial” triangle.