爱尔兰的人民与社会

国籍

名词：爱尔兰男人（复数：爱尔兰男人们），爱尔兰女人（复数：爱尔兰女人们），爱尔兰人（集合复数） 形容词：爱尔兰的

民族

爱尔兰人76.6%，爱尔兰旅行者0.6%，其他白人9.9%，亚裔3.3%，黑人1.5%，其他（包括阿拉伯人、罗姆人及混血人士）2%，未指明2.6%

人口

5,149,139

人口（男性/女性）

男性：2,590,542 女性：2,642,919

人口分布

人口分布偏向岛屿东部，最大的人口聚集地位于都柏林及其周边地区；西部地区人口稀少，原因在于多山地形、土壤贫瘠、缺乏良好的交通路线以及就业机会较少。

城市人口

urban population: 64.5% of total population rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change

主要城市人口

1,270,000 都柏林（首都）

年龄结构

0-14岁：18.6%（男性498,124人/女性477,848人） 15-64岁：65.5%（男性1,701,680人/女性1,728,041人） 65岁及以上：15.8%（男性390,738人/女性437,030人）

中位年龄

总计：40.2岁 男性：39.7岁 女性：40.6岁

出生时预期寿命

总人口：82.6岁 男性：80.7岁 女性：84.4岁

婴儿死亡率

总计：3.0例死亡/1,000例活产 男性：3.2例死亡/1,000例活产 女性：2.8例死亡/1,000例活产

饮用水水源

improved: urban: 97% of population rural: 98.1% of population total: 97.4% of population unimproved: urban: 3% of population rural: 1.9% of population total: 2.6% of population

卫生设施获取

improved: urban: 97.8% of population rural: 99.1% of population total: 98.3% of population unimproved: urban: 2.2% of population rural: 0.9% of population total: 1.7% of population

烟草使用

总计：20.8% 男性：22.5% 女性：19%

酒精消费

总计：10.91升纯酒精 啤酒：4.92升纯酒精 葡萄酒：2.88升纯酒精 烈酒：2.29升纯酒精 其他酒精饮料：0.82升纯酒精

识字率定义

15岁及以上人口能够读写

学校教育年限总计

总计：19年 男性：18年 女性：19年

• Roman Catholic88.0%
• other9.0%
• Church of Ireland3.0%

英语（官方语言，普遍使用）、爱尔兰语（盖尔语，又称Gaeilge）（官方语言，主要通行于西部沿海地区）

• Irish
• English

• 阿瑟·韦尔斯利

  the first Duke of Wellington, was born in Dublin in 1769. In 1809 he was sent to assume command in Portugal. Wellington gained military distinction in the Peninsular Campaigns during the French Wars, culminating in the victory at Waterloo. He was raised to the peerage as the Duke of Wellington in recognition of his achievements and he sat in the House of Lords for the rest of his life.

• 西奥博尔德·沃尔夫·托恩

  Eighteenth-century Protestant lawyer was one of the few leaders of his time who was well-respected in Dublin and Belfast. In the autumn of 1791, he called for Irish independence and a rapprochement between Protestants and Catholics. Tone was involved in the creation of the Society of United Irishmen, which had chapters in Belfast and Dublin. In 1798, the Irish nationalists rose against British occupation in the belief that a French invasion was imminent. The rebellion was crushed by British forces. Tone was captured and sentenced to be hanged, but he chose suicide over submitting to British justice, and slit his own throat.

• 迈克尔·柯林斯

  was born on 16th Oct 1890 at a place called Sam’s Cross outside Clonakilty, Co Cork. he took part in the 1916 Easter Rising in Dublin. In 1921 Collins was a signatory to a Treaty bring to an end the war between Britain & Ireland. This treaty was not to the liking of all Irishmen and a civil war broke out. Collins had said at the signing "I may have signed my actual death warrant".". He was killed in an ambush at Beal na mBlath in County Cork on the 22nd August 1922. Prior to the treaty Collins was responsible for organizing resistance to British rule in Ireland. His tactics are said to be the basis for all Guerrilla warfare.

• 帕特里克·皮尔斯

  Born in Dublin in 1879, leader of Irish nationalism, poet, educator. He was the first president of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic. CIC of the Irish forces on Easter Monday 1916, when the 1916 rising began. After surrendering to British forces he was sent for court-martial and shot in Kilmanaham jail on the 3rd May 1916.

• 埃德蒙·伯克

  Born, raised, and educated in Ireland, he was one of the most well-known British statesmen and political philosophers of the eighteenth century. After gaining early recognition for his literary skills, Burke entered Parliament in 1766 and remained there for the next two decades. Burke is often remembered for his vehement opposition to the French Revolution, presented in his Reflections on the Revolution in France. He saw in the French Revolution a fatal danger: A zealous but misguided state can destroy the delicate attachments on which a free society is built.

• 哈里·乔治·弗格森

  was born at Growell, near Hillsborough, Co Down, on 4 November l884. In l902, he joined his brother Joe in a car and bicycle repair business in Belfast, and in 1904 began to race motor-cycles. In 1909, at Hillsborough, he made the first powered flight in Ireland, travelling 130 yd (118.5 m) in a monoplane he had built. He later drove racing cars, and helped to establish the famous Ulster Tourist Trophy races in 1928. He later developed a tractor combined with a plough. In 1953 the firm became Massey Ferguson.

• 欧内斯特·沙克尔顿。

  Born Kilkee Co Clare 1874. Explorer. He was a member of Robert F Scott’s 1901-04 Antarctic expedition, he sledged partway across the Ross ice shelf. In 1914-16 His expedition ship Endurance was crushed by drifting pack ice. He and five of his men travelled 800 miles in a whale boat to South Georgia Island to get aid. He led four relief expeditions before rescuing his men.

• 汉斯·斯隆。

  Born Killyleagh Co Down 1660. Physician and Naturalist, whose collection of books, manuscripts, and curiosities form the basis for the British Museum Bloomsbury. Succeeded Isaac Newton as the president of the Royal Society and became first physician to King George II.

• 迈克尔·威廉·巴尔夫

  Born Dublin 1808. Singer and composer, best known for the opera The Bohemian Girl , his other works include The Siege of Rochelle . He sang Papa geno in the first English performance of The Magic Flute .

• 欧内斯特·托马斯·辛顿·沃尔顿

  was born at Dungarvan, County Waterford on the south coast of Ireland on October 6th, 1903. Awarded the |Nobel Prize in Physic in 1951. For His pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles. It was awarded to him along with Sir John Douglas Cockcroft.

• 克莱夫·斯台普尔斯(C.S.)刘易斯

  Author · 1898

  Birth date - Clive Staples (C.S.) Lewis, British author, was born on Nov. 29, 1898 in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

犯罪信息

爱尔兰国家警察部队（An Garda Síochána，简称"Garda"）的名称译为"爱尔兰和平守护者"，负责全国范围内的国家安全、警务及移民执法工作。爱尔兰的暴力犯罪率相对较低，但轻微犯罪和住宅犯罪更为普遍，尤其集中在城市和旅游区。近年来，住宅闯入、盗窃、入室抢劫及抢包等案件的发生率均有所上升。窃贼往往以租赁车辆和游客为目标，尤其是在旅游景点附近。在少数情况下，此类犯罪还伴有人身攻击或暴力行为，在都柏林尤为常见。请避免在天黑后进入公园，同时避免展示财富的迹象，并妥善保管您的贵重物品、护照和钱包。我们建议您将护照存放在与钱包或行李分开的安全位置。在酒吧或餐厅时，请勿将饮料置于无人看管的状态，因为已有报告显示饮料被非法物质掺入，从而导致抢劫和性侵犯事件的发生。请在爱尔兰逗留期间保持良好的个人安全意识，并时刻注意周围环境。 ATM欺诈：涉及ATM的犯罪值得警惕。请务必保护好您的个人识别码（PIN），并在使用ATM前仔细检查机器是否存在被篡改的迹象。犯罪分子曾在ATM上安装"读卡器"，尤其是在旅游区。读卡器通常是附着在ATM外部的小型电子设备，用于窃取ATM或信用卡数据。目前，爱尔兰大多数ATM上均张贴有标识或显示电子警告，提醒用户在使用前仔细检查机器是否遭到篡改。请注意，在人流密集的地区，窃贼会采用转移注意力的手段，例如等到用户输入PIN码后，指着地上的钱或索要零钱。趁用户分心之际，同伙会迅速取走现金后离开。如果您在任何情况下被转移了注意力，请立即取消交易。如果机器未能退还您的卡，请立即向发卡银行报告此事。 网络诈骗：近年来已有网络欺诈案件的报告，旅行者应通过当地相关机构、家人或朋友核实任何主动或被动请求协助信息的真实性。如果您收到家人或朋友发来的请求援助的电子邮件，我们建议您首先尝试通过最后已知的电话号码联系该亲友，并在转账前通过您信任的中立第三方核实相关情况。对于任何邀请您前往爱尔兰领取奖金或遗产的主动邀请，请保持高度警惕。途经爱尔兰机场无需任何许可证或费用，紧急医疗救治也不会因未付费用而被拒绝，爱尔兰的酒店亦不会在未通知警方的情况下因客人资金不足而扣留其本人。若有人声称医院或酒店不允许其在结清账单前离开，通常是诈骗的迹象。请访问美国国务院官方网站，了解更多有关国际互联网金融诈骗及自我保护的相关信息。 请勿购买假冒和盗版商品，即使此类商品随处可见。此类盗版商品不仅在带回美国时属于违法行为，在当地购买同样可能违反当地法律。