伊拉克的人民与社会

国籍

伊拉克人

民族

阿拉伯人占75%至80%，库尔德人占15%至20%，土库曼人、亚述人或其他民族占5%

人口

43,533,592

主要城市人口

巴格达（首都）6,036,000人；摩苏尔1,494,000人；埃尔比勒1,039,000人；巴士拉942,000人；苏莱曼尼亚867,000人；纳杰夫779,000人

出生时预期寿命

70.6

婴儿死亡率

每1,000例活产中有17.4例死亡

主要传染病

intermediate

饮用水水源

93.9

卫生设施获取

86.2

识字率定义

15岁及以上的人口能够读写

• Muslim97.0%
• Shi a65.0%
• Sunni47.0%
• Christian or other3.0%

阿拉伯语、库尔德语（在库尔德地区为官方语言）、亚述语、亚美尼亚语

• Arabic
• Armenian
• Kurdish

• 萨达姆·侯赛因

• Prophet Muhammad

  Religious Leader · 570–632

  The month of Rabi’ al-Awwal (the First Spring Season) of the Islamic Calendar is well known in the entire Muslim world as Shahr al-Mawhid or Mawlid al-Nabi (the Month of Birth) of the Prophet Muhammad. The precise date of his birth is disputed among the historians, but 12 of Rabi’ al-Awwal is acknowledge ito be the date and it is officially stated as a national holiday. Muhammad was born about A. D. 570 and died in A. D. 632. At a critical point in his life, Muhammad received a vision of the angel Gabriel who called him into service as a prophet. He later received a second vision of Gabriel who told him to "magnify thy Lord." Muhammad then began to preach publicly in Mecca where he had lived for many years. Many people were receptive to his message but others ridiculed him. Because of the opposition of many citizens of Mecca and threats against him, Muhammad fled to Yathrib in A. D. 622. This journey of nearly 200 miles is known as the Hegira and is so important that the Muslim calendar begins with the year of the Hegira. The celebration probably started in Egypt in the 13th century, a time when Christian crusaders were trying to take over the Holy Land which came under the rule of King Saladin. Noted in history that the celebration was found during the reign of Wazir al-Afdlal (487-515 AH/1095-1121 CE) of the Fatimite regime in Egypt. The celebration was held during the day time and attended by government officials and Muslim spiritual leaders in town. The Fatimite amir as a head of state sat in the balcony of the palace and three speakers in sequence delivered their Mawlid speeches. Ibnu Khalikan’s historical report says that Ahly as-Sunnah version of the Prophet’s birthday celebration was introduced in Egypt by Al-Malik Muzaffar Ad-Din Kukburi in 604 AH/1207 CE. Kukburi was brother of Salahuddin al-Ayyubi (Saladin). These were the days of Crusade where almost 200 years waves after waves of crusaders from Europe came to the heart of the Muslim world in the Middle East to fight Muslims in their own countries. Heres i a description of the festivities which first started in Egypt in the 13th century: "A tower made of wood for the Amir (prince, or military governor) was erected (built) in the courtyard of the palace. People attending the festival were entertained by groups of musicians and singers of various kinds. Week after week during the month ... streets of Cairo were overcrowded by people who celebrated the occasion. On the eve of [the birthday] after prayer, people under the command of the Amir paraded on the street of Cairo starting from the Citadel proceeding to the Palace. In their hands were torches. On the Prophet’s Birthday all citizens assembled in the courtyard of the Palace where a tower made of wood had been erected. Beside the tower stands a pulpit for the speakers who would sermon the audience and narrate (tell) the story of the Prophet’s birthday. The Amir was not only able to see the whole audience from the tower but also watched the troops who parade on one corner of the courtyard. Guests of honor were received by the Amir on the tower and were given [robes] of honor. In the evening the Amir and officers of the state celebrated ... [with religious leaders]." "From Egypt the tradition of celebrating the Prophet’s birthday was spread to Mecca .... From the Holy City where Muslim peoples of different nationals assembled during the hajj season each year, the tradition was spread to [the rest of the Muslim world]." Today on this day, special prayers are said in honor of Muhammad, his name is praised in public sermons (speeches), and in larger cities and towns lights and banners decorate the streets. People eat sweets, meet with friends and family, play games, and just relax.

犯罪信息

在伊拉克，小偷小摸现象十分普遍，包括在繁忙地区（例如集市）扒窃，以及从酒店房间和私人住宅盗窃钱财、珠宝或其他贵重物品。从历史上看，武装歹徒劫车的情况非常普遍，甚至在白天也会发生，尤其是在从约旦和科威特通往巴格达的公路上。外国人——尤其是拥有美国和伊拉克双重国籍的公民——以及伊拉克公民都是绑架的目标。绑架者通常索要钱财，但也会出于政治或宗教原因实施绑架。许多人质已遭杀害。 2013年报告的谋杀案数量有所上升，尤其是在巴格达地区，这很可能是由于恐怖主义、部落和家族纠纷以及宗教或教派紧张局势所致。 请勿购买假冒和盗版商品，即使这些商品随处可见。这些盗版商品不仅在美国属于违法物品，购买此类商品在当地也可能触犯法律。