术语表

CountryReports 中使用的术语定义。

本术语表包含 CountryReports 中使用的 1,144 个术语——国家概况和文章中引用的政治、经济、文化、历史和地理术语。术语来自包括美国国会图书馆在内的权威来源。

Enlightenment: 欧洲十七和十八世纪的哲学和精神运动,关注上帝、自然、理性和人类之间的关系,通常对传统基督教的教义提出挑战。
nibbana: 在西方文献中更常被称为涅槃。修行之路的目标,即欲望、仇恨和自我幻觉的消灭。与绝对唯一的世界灵魂(梵)的神秘合一状态,而非个人灵魂的证悟(如印度教中那样)。对于印度教徒来说,这是一种解脱或启蒙的状态。对于佛教徒来说,不存在不朽的个人灵魂,只有世界灵魂,所有有情众生和无情事物都是其参与者。这是佛教所有分支中精神修行的目标。开悟是自我与绝对同一性的实现。从轮回循环中的解脱和个人存在的消灭,这种状态在获得完美精神理解时实现。; 来源: 美国国会图书馆
Theravada Buddhism: Literally, the Buddhism that is ""the way"" or ""doctrine of the elders."" Sinhalese called their beliefs Theravada. Their tradition, frequently described as Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle), preserves a clear understanding of the Buddha as a man who achieved enlightenment and developed monks as accomplished followers of his teachings. This is in contradistinction to the Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) Buddhism, which often treats the Buddha as a superhuman and fills the universe with a pantheon of enlightened figures (bodhisattvas) who help others achieve enlightenment. The Sri Lankans, with rare exception, speak only of Theravada Buddhism, of which there is no central religious authority.