Mongolia Geography

What is the terrain and geography like in Mongolia?

Overview

Mongolia is a large and sparsely populated country landlocked between China and Russia. Mongolia is the 6th largest country in Asia and 18th largest in the world. The capital, Ulaanbaatar, is over 4,000 feet above sea level.

The country is divided into three basic zones: the Gobi, a vast, dry grassland in the east and south; the low Hangai mountains in the north and northwest; and the high Altai Mountains of the west and northwest. Mongolia’s most scenic lake is Lake Hovsgol located in the Altai, where elevations range up to 15,000 feet. There are three major river systems: the Tuul, which runs through Ulaanbaatar; the Orhon, which combines with the Tuul and flows into Lake Baikal in Russia; and the Selenge in the northeast.

Geography - note

landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia

Mongolia Use of Natural Resources

Geographic Location	Asia
Total Area	603,905 Square Miles 1,564,116 Square Kilometers
Land Area	599,828 Square Miles 1,553,556 Square Kilometers
Water Area	4,077 Square Miles 10,560 Square Kilometers
Land Boundaries	5,108 Miles 8,220 Kilometers
Irrigated Land	325 Square Miles 843 Square Kilometers
Border Countries	China 4,677 km, Russia 3,485 km
Geographic Coordinates	46 00 N, 105 00 E
Terrain	vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Highest Point	4,374 Meters
Highest Point Location	Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m
Lowest Point	518 Meters
Lowest Point Location	Hoh Nuur 518 m
Natural Resources	oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron, phosphate
Time Zone	UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) time zone note: Mongolia has two time zones - Ulaanbaatar Time (8 hours in advance of UTC) and Hovd Time (7 hours in advance of UTC)
Daylight saving time	+1hr, begins last Saturday in March; ends last Saturday in September

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