Madagascar Economy
Is Madagascar a wealthy country?
Madagascar is a mostly unregulated economy with many untapped natural resources, but no capital markets, a weak judicial system, poorly enforced contracts, and rampant government corruption. The country faces challenges to improve education, healthcare, and the environment to boost long-term economic growth. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing roughly 80% of the population. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by bushfires, slash-and-burn clearing techniques, and the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel, are serious concerns to the agriculture dependent economy.
After discarding socialist economic policies in the mid-1990s, Madagascar followed a World Bank- and IMF-led policy of privatization and liberalization until a 2009 coup d’état led many nations, including the United States, to suspend non-humanitarian aid until a democratically-elected president was inaugurated in 2014. The pre-coup strategy had placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low starting point. Exports of apparel boomed after gaining duty-free access to the US market in 2000 under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA); however, Madagascar's failure to comply with the requirements of the AGOA led to the termination of the country's duty-free access in January 2010, a sharp fall in textile production, a loss of more than 100,000 jobs, and a GDP drop of nearly 11%.
Madagascar regained AGOA access in January 2015 and ensuing growth has been slow and fragile. Madagascar produces around 80% of the world’s vanilla and its reliance on this commodity for most of its foreign exchange is a significant source of vulnerability. Economic reforms have been modest and the country’s financial sector remains weak, limiting the use of monetary policy to control inflation. An ongoing IMF program aims to strengthen financial and investment management capacity.
Madagascar Economy Data
What is the GDP of Madagascar?
| Currency Name and Code | Malagasy Franc (MGF) |
| GDP - Gross Domestic Product (PPP) | $41,820,000,000 (USD) |
| GDP - official exchange rate | $9,514,000,000 (USD) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3.4% |
| GDP Per Capita | $1,500.00 (USD) |
| GDP by Sector- agriculture | 26.5% |
| GDP by Sector- Industry | 16.9% |
| GDP by Sector- services | 56.6% |
| GDP - composition, by end use |
household consumption: 83.2% government consumption: 15.3% investment in fixed capital: 15.8% investment in inventories: -0.1% exports of goods and services: 32% imports of goods and services: -46.2% |
| Population Below Poverty Line | 50% |
| Inflation Rate | 8.1% |
| Labor Force | 9,504,000 |
| Fiscal Year | calendar year |
| Annual Budget | $896,900,000 (USD) |
| Budget Surplus or Deficit - percent of GDP | -2.3% |
| Taxes and other revenues - percent of GDP | 20.1% |
| Major Industries | meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism |
| Industrial Growth Rate | 2% |
| Agriculture Products | coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products |
| Exchange Rate per US Dollar | Malagasy franc (MGF) |
| Child Labor - % of children ages 5-14 | 28% |
| Child Labor - # of children ages 5-14 | 1,827,423 |
| Child Labor - note | note: data represents children ages 5-17 |
| Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate | 44% |