Government and Politics of Finland

Government Type

republic

Administrative Divisions

6 provinces (laanit, singular - laani); Aland, Etela-Suomen Laani, Ita-Suomen Laani, Lansi-Suomen Laani, Lappi, Oulun Laani

Legal System

civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Citizenship

Citizenship by birth: No Citizenship by descent only: At least one parent must be a citizen of Finland Dual citizenship recognized: Yes Residency requirement for naturalization: 6 years

Executive Branch

chief of state: President Alexander STUBB (since 1 March 2024) head of government: Prime Minister Petteri ORPO (since 20 June 2023) and Deputy Prime Minister Riikka PURRA (since 20 June 2023) cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 28 January 2024, with a runoff on 11 February 2024 (next to be held in 2030); the president appoints the prime minister from the majority party or majority coalition following parliamentary elections, subject to approval by parliament election results: percent of vote in first round - Alexander STUBB (Kok) 27.2%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 25.8%, Jussi HALLA-AHO (PS) 19.0%, Olli REHN (Kesk) 15.3%; runoff held 11 February 2024 - STUBB 51.6%, HAAVISTO 48.4% note: government coalition - Kok, PS, RKP/SFP, and KD

Legislative Branch

Unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve four-year terms) Elections: last held 2 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2027) Election results: percent of vote by party - NCP 20.8%, PS 20.1%, SDP 19.9%, Kesk 11.3%, Vihr 6.3%, Vas 7.1%, SFP 4.3%, KD 4.2%; seats by party - NCP 48, PS 46, SDP 43, Kesk 23, Vas 11, Vihr 13, SFP 10, KD 5, other 1

Judicial Branch

Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (judges appointed by the president)

Political Parties

Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; Left Alliance or VAS composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative [Suvi-Anne SIIMES]; National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eero HEINALUOMA]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Jan-Erik ENESTAM]

Head of State

President Alexander STUBB

Head of Government

Prime Minister Petteri ORPO and Deputy Prime Minister Riikka PURRA

Cabinet

Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to parliament

Elections

last held 2 April 2023 (next to be held in April 2027)

Election Results

Percent of vote by party - NCP 20.8%, PS 20.1%, SDP 19.9%, Kesk 11.3%, Vas 7.1%, Vihr 6.3%, SFP 4.3%, KD 4.2%; seats by party - NCP 48, PS 46, SDP 43, Kesk 23, Vas 11, Vihr 13, SFP 10, KD 5, other 1. These results reflect the April 2023 parliamentary election, in which the National Coalition Party (NCP) secured a narrow plurality, leading to the formation of a right-wing coalition government under Prime Minister Petteri Orpo, composed of the NCP, Finns Party (PS), Swedish People's Party (SFP), and Christian Democrats (KD).

Constitution

1-Mar-00

Independence

6 December 1917 (from Russia)

National Holiday

Independence Day, 6 December (1917)

International Organization Participation

AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC

Diplomatic Representation in the U.S.

chief of mission: Ambassador Pekka LINTU chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800 FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York

U.S. Diplomatic Representation

chief of mission: Ambassador Marilyn WARE embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14B, 00140 Helsinki mailing address: APO AE 09723 telephone: [358] (9) 616250 FAX: [358] (9) 6162 5800

Capital City

Helsinki

Location

60 10 N, 24 56 E

Time Difference

UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

History

The name may derive from the Swedish helsing, an archaic name for "neck" (hals), and which may refer to a narrowing of the Vantaa River that flows into the Gulf of Finland at Helsinki; fors refers to "rapids," so helsing fors meaning becomes "the narrows' rapids"

U.S. Embassy Helsinki Itäinen Puistotie 14B Hours: Mon – Fri, 0830 - 1700 Tel: 358-9-616-250 (24 hour switchboard number) Fax: 358-9-612-3003 e-mail: HelsinkiACS@state.gov

Military Branches

Finnish Defense Forces (FDF): Army (Puolustusvoimat), Navy (Merivoimat; includes Coastal Defense Forces), Air Force (Ilmavoimat)

Service Age and Obligation

18 years of age for male voluntary and compulsory - and female voluntary - national military and nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months; military obligation to age 60