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Customs and Culture
Customs and Culture
Cultural Attributes
The Vietnamese people use the experience of it's history to re-create the future. There is inequality between urban and rural areas which must be resolved if all of Vietnam is going to enjoy future prosperity.
Land of a Thousand Years and Rising Rice
Get More Customs and Culture
5 more cultural topics for members
Social Customs & Etiquette · Diet · Family · Dating Customs · Recreation
Holidays
Independence Day
9/2Independence Day
Christmas
12/25xmas
Dates of Interest
- September 2nd
How do people greet each other in Vietnam?
Younger or Western-influenced Vietnamese shake hands, but most people do not; a slight head bow shows respect. Names begin with the family name followed by a given name, and people are addressed by given name with a family-related title.
Do
- Use both hands and bow your head slightly when greeting older people or those of status
- Add the appropriate family-related title when addressing someone
Don’t
- Don't touch a member of the opposite sex in public, as the culture is largely non-tactile
Good to know
- Vietnamese address one another by given names, combining classifiers for gender and familiarity
What are dining customs like in Vietnam?
Rice is the staple, seasoned with nuoc mam fish sauce, and meals are eaten with chopsticks and rice bowls, with shared dishes placed in the center of the table.
Do
- Hold the rice bowl in your hand while eating
- Serve people older than yourself, and their children, first
- Help yourself from the shared dishes in the center of the table
Don’t
- Don't eat from a rice bowl left sitting on the table, as it's considered lazy
Good to know
- Spoons are provided when soup is served
- Beverages are often not served until after the meal
- Try the seafood, spring rolls, summer rolls, and fried rolls
What should I know about visiting and hospitality in Vietnam?
Vietnamese have a strong sense of hospitality, but they dislike unexpected visits from outsiders because they value their privacy.
Do
- Bring gifts on special occasions like New Year's, ancestor anniversaries, and weddings to be courteous
- Bring flowers on some occasions
Don’t
- Don't drop in on people unexpectedly
- Don't give incense except for deaths, anniversaries, or temples
How should I dress in Vietnam?
Typical adult dress is pants with a cotton or knit blouse, while suits and ties are worn in business offices; women sometimes wear the traditional ao dai.
Don’t
- Don't wear shorts in public except at the beach or a work site
Are there gestures to avoid in Vietnam?
Certain gestures signal disrespect, and public affection is generally avoided.
Do
- Use both hands to pass something, especially to show respect for age or status
Don’t
- Don't summon a person with your index finger, as it's rude
- Don't touch the head of a young child, traditionally a sensitive spiritual point
- Don't show affection between men and women in public
What is family life like in Vietnam?
Rank in the family denotes status with both rights and responsibilities, and extended families often share a household. Vietnamese generally prefer to live near one another for mutual support rather than alone.
Good to know
- Living alone can be fearful for some, especially those from remote rural villages, due to a belief in spirits
- Marriages are now rarely arranged; young people freely choose their spouse
What do people do for recreation in Vietnam?
After work, men and women relax at cafés, and soccer is the most popular game, alongside cycling, badminton, table tennis, volleyball, and martial arts.
Good to know
- Older men may play chess, mahjongg, or the card game tam cúc
- At sunrise, older people practice tai chi and thái cuc quyên on the streets
- Children play creatively with everyday objects like coins or rope
Last updated: 2026-07-12 · Sources: CountryReports
Photos of Vietnam
Photos of Vietnam
Travel and Tourism
Travel and Tourism
- Travel Alert Status
- Level 1: Exercise Normal Precautions
- Currency
- dong (VND)
- Time Difference
- UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
- Climate
- Vietnam is largely a tropical monsoon country. In the north, a hot rainy season prevails from May to September. The average temperature in Hanoi is about 86°F during this period, with very high humidity. During the cooler, dry season in the north from December to March, the average temperature is 68°F, with overnight minimums sometimes around 40°–42°F. In the south, Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta experience a year-round tropical climate with daily temperatures normally exceeding 88°F. The rainy season in Danang and Hue in the center of the country lasts from October to March.
- Airports
- 19
Read the full travel guide — health, safety, vaccinations, disease risk, sanitation, and transit details.
View full travel guideRecipes
Recipes
Xôi Nuóc Duà
Side Dish
Main Dish
Cha Gio (Vietnamese Spring Rolls)
Main Dish
Com Chien Thap Cam (Fried Rice with Sausage, Shrimp and Crab)
Side Dish
Nuoc Cham(Vietnamese Chili Sauce for Dipping)
Side Dish
Nuoc Leo (Peanut Sauce)
Side Dish
Mam Nem (Fermented Anchovy Dip)
Side Dish
Nuoc Mam Cham (Fish Sauce Dip)
Side Dish
PremiumNuoc Tuong (Yellow Bean Sauce)
Side Dish
PremiumTuong Toi Ot (Soy Sauce Dip)
Side Dish
PremiumNuoc Cham Gung (Ginger Dipping Sauce)
History
History
Historical Eras
Legendary & Ancient Origins
2879 BCE – 111 BCE
Vietnamese civilization traces its legendary roots to the Hung Vuong kings of Van Lang in the Red River Delta, followed by the historical Kingdom of Au Lac under King An Duong Vuong around 210 BCE. The region was subsequently absorbed into the Nan Yueh kingdom founded by Chinese general Trieu Da in 207 BCE, blending early Vietnamese culture with expanding southern Chinese influence.
Chinese Domination
111 BCE – 938
The Han dynasty conquered the Red River Delta in the first century BCE, initiating roughly a thousand years of Chinese imperial rule that profoundly shaped Vietnamese administration, law, literature, and Confucian culture. Resistance was persistent — the Trung sisters led a celebrated revolt in 40 CE, and Ly Bi briefly established an independent state in 544 — reflecting an enduring Vietnamese drive for autonomy that would ultimately succeed.
Early Independence & Dynasties
938 – 1225
Ngo Quyen's decisive victory over a Chinese fleet at the Bach Dang River in 938 ended Chinese domination and inaugurated an era of Vietnamese self-rule. Successive dynasties — the Dinh, Early Le, and Ly — consolidated statehood, repelled further Chinese and Cham invasions, and fostered a flourishing of Buddhist culture and indigenous literature written in chu nom script.
Imperial Expansion
1225 – 1802
The Tran dynasty repelled three Mongol invasions in the thirteenth century, cementing Vietnam's reputation for fierce resistance to foreign conquest. Over the following centuries, the Vietnamese state pushed relentlessly southward, defeating Champa in 1471 and displacing the Khmer from the Mekong Delta by 1749, even as dynastic rivalry and the country's partition between the Trinh and Nguyen lords produced two centuries of internal warfare before the Nguyen unified the country in 1802.
Colonial Period
1802 – 1945
France progressively seized control of Vietnam, completing its occupation of the entire country by 1884 and incorporating it into French Indochina. Colonial rule brought infrastructure, Catholic missionary influence, and economic extraction, but also generated a growing nationalist movement led by figures such as Phan Boi Chau and, ultimately, Ho Chi Minh, whose Viet Minh organization positioned itself to seize independence when Japan's wartime occupation collapsed in 1945.
War, Division & Reunification
1945 – 1975
Ho Chi Minh declared independence in September 1945, but France refused to relinquish its colony, sparking the First Indochina War that ended with the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu in 1954 and the country's partition at the 17th parallel. The ensuing struggle between the Communist North and the US-backed South escalated into a devastating conflict; American forces withdrew after the 1973 ceasefire, and North Vietnamese armies reunified the country by force in April 1975.
Reunified Modern Vietnam
1975 – present
The Socialist Republic of Vietnam was formally proclaimed in 1976, though the country faced continued conflict — including wars with Cambodia and China in the late 1970s — and severe economic hardship under a centrally planned system. The landmark Doi Moi reforms of 1986 opened Vietnam to market economics and foreign investment, transforming it into one of Southeast Asia's fastest-growing economies while the Communist Party retained political authority.
Overview
Hanoi temple dedicated to King An Duong Vuong (ruler of Kingdom of Au
Timeline of Key Events
2879 BCE
Legendary founding of the Van Lang Kingdom by the first Hung Vuong.
Legendary founding of the Van Lang Kingdom by the first Hung Vuong.
257 BCE – 208 BCE
Thuc Dynasty
Thuc Dynasty
210 BCE
Kingdom of Au Lac established.
Kingdom of Au Lac established.
207 BCE – 111 BCE
Trieu Dynasty
Trieu Dynasty
207 BCE
Chinese general Chao Tuo (Trieu Da) founds Nan Yueh (Nam Viet).
Chinese general Chao Tuo (Trieu Da) founds Nan Yueh (Nam Viet).
39
Trung sisters lead a rebellion against Chinese.
Trung sisters lead a rebellion against Chinese rule 43 Trung sisters’ rebellion crushed by Chinese general Ma Yuan, and Viet people placed under direct Chinese administration for the first time.
542 – 544
Ly Bi leads uprising against China’s Liang Dynasty.
Ly Bi leads uprising against China’s Liang Dynasty and establishes the independent kingdom of Van Xuan.
Read the full history profile — narrative overview, defining eras, and the complete timeline in one place.
View expanded historyInteresting Facts
Interesting Facts
When a child loses a tooth they throw their lower tooth on the roof and throw their upper tooth under the bed.
Vietnam's central highlands and the mountainous regions of the north are home to over 50 different ethnic groups, referred to as the Montagnards (the French term for highlanders).
For centuries, upper-class Vietnamese girls had their teeth blackened at puberty. White teeth were thought to be vulgar, and blackening was believed to prevent tooth decay. The practice stopped when Vietnam was colonized by the French, who found black teeth unattractive.
Although the Vietnamese wear Western-style clothes, women still wear the country's traditional costume on special occasions. The ao dai is a long, high-necked tunic with a slit at the side. Women wear silk pants underneath and delicate sandals called guoc.
See every fact — trivia, oddities, and curious tidbits gathered from across the country.
View all interesting factsGeography and Environment
Geography and Environment
- Terrain
- low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest
- Climate
- Vietnam is largely a tropical monsoon country. In the north, a hot rainy season prevails from May to September. The average temperature in Hanoi is about 86°F during this period, with very high humidity. During the cooler, dry season in the north from December to March, the average temperature is 68°F, with overnight minimums sometimes around 40°–42°F. In the south, Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta experience a year-round tropical climate with daily temperatures normally exceeding 88°F. The rainy season in Danang and Hue in the center of the country lasts from October to March.
- Natural Hazards
- occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta
- Current Environmental Issues
- logging and slash-and-burn agricultural practices contribute to deforestation and soil degradation; water pollution and overfishing threaten marine life populations; groundwater contamination limits potable water supply; growing urban industrialization and population migration are rapidly degrading environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City
Read the full geography and environment profile — terrain, climate, natural resources, hazards, land use, and international agreements.
View full geographyPeople & Demographics
People & Demographics
Religion
Languages Spoken
Vietnamese (official), English (as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
- English
- Vietnamese
Population
- Population
- 98,186,813
- Population in Major Urban Areas
- Ho Chi Minh City 6.405 million; HANOI (capital) 2.955 million; Haiphong 925,000; Da Nang 834,000
- Nationality Noun
- Vietnamese (singular and plural)
- Ethnic Groups
- Vietnamese 85%-90%, Chinese, Hmong, Thai, Khmer, Cham, mountain groups
- Language Note
- Vietnamese is the official language. There are distinct northern, central, and southern dialects and accents. The most popular foreign languages taught in schools are English, Russian, and French.
Education
- Literacy Definition
- age 15 and over can read and write
Health Information
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- Life expectancy at birth in Vietnam has risen dramatically over recent decades, reflecting significant improvements in public health infrastructure, nutrition, and access to medical care. As of the most recent available data, the average life expectancy at birth in Vietnam stands at approximately 74 to 75 years overall, with women living longer than men — women averaging around 77 years and men around 72 years. This upward trend represents one of the more notable public health achievements in Southeast Asia. In the 1960s and 1970s, life expectancy in Vietnam was considerably lower, suppressed by the effects of prolonged conflict, poverty, and limited healthcare access. Following the economic reforms known as Doi Moi, introduced in 1986, Vietnam experienced sustained economic growth that enabled expanded investment in healthcare systems, sanitation, and disease prevention programs. Several factors contribute to the current life expectancy figures. Vietnam has maintained relatively low rates of cardiovascular disease compared to many Western nations, partly attributed to a traditional diet rich in vegetables, rice, fish, and lean proteins. The country has also made measurable progress in reducing infant and child mortality rates, which directly influences life expectancy calculations at birth. Communicable diseases that once posed serious threats — including malaria, tuberculosis, and cholera — have been significantly reduced through national health campaigns and international cooperation. Vaccination coverage across the population has expanded substantially, protecting both children and adults from preventable illness. Despite these gains, Vietnam faces emerging health challenges that may affect future life expectancy trends. Non-communicable diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and respiratory conditions linked to rising rates of tobacco use and air pollution in urban areas such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, are growing concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic also introduced a temporary setback to health system capacity and population health outcomes in the early 2020s, though Vietnam's relatively swift public health response helped limit long-term mortality impacts. The aging population places increasing demands on a healthcare system that continues to develop its capacity for long-term and elder care. Vietnam's life expectancy compares favorably with many of its regional neighbors at similar income levels, suggesting that deliberate health policy choices have played a meaningful role alongside economic development in extending the lives of its citizens.
- Major Infectious Diseases — degree of risk
- very high
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Vietnam has made remarkable progress in reducing infant mortality over the past several decades, reflecting sustained investment in public health infrastructure, maternal care, and child nutrition programs. The infant mortality rate currently stands at approximately 16 to 17 deaths per 1,000 live births, a significant improvement from rates that exceeded 50 per 1,000 live births in the early 1990s. This downward trend is attributed to several key factors, including expanded access to skilled birth attendants, increased immunization coverage, improved sanitation and clean water access, and targeted government health initiatives. Vietnam's national immunization program covers a broad range of childhood diseases, including diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, and hepatitis B, contributing directly to lower infant death rates. Despite nationwide progress, notable disparities remain between urban and rural areas, as well as among different ethnic minority communities living in remote highland regions. Infants born in mountainous provinces in the northwest and central highlands face considerably higher mortality risks than those born in major cities such as Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City. Limited access to healthcare facilities, lower rates of prenatal care utilization, and higher rates of poverty in these regions are primary contributing factors. Causes of infant death in Vietnam are largely consistent with patterns seen across lower-middle-income countries and include neonatal complications such as preterm birth and birth asphyxia, respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, and congenital conditions. The neonatal period — the first 28 days of life — accounts for a substantial proportion of all infant deaths recorded nationally. The Vietnamese government, working in partnership with international organizations including UNICEF and the World Health Organization, continues to implement programs aimed at bridging the urban-rural gap, strengthening neonatal care units in provincial hospitals, training community health workers, and promoting exclusive breastfeeding practices. These combined efforts position Vietnam as one of the stronger performers in infant mortality reduction among Southeast Asian nations at a comparable stage of economic development.
Life Expectancy
- Life Expectancy at Birth
- Life expectancy at birth in Vietnam has risen dramatically over recent decades, reflecting significant improvements in public health infrastructure, nutrition, and access to medical care. As of the most recent available data, the average life expectancy at birth in Vietnam stands at approximately 74 to 75 years overall, with women living longer than men — women averaging around 77 years and men around 72 years. This upward trend represents one of the more notable public health achievements in Southeast Asia. In the 1960s and 1970s, life expectancy in Vietnam was considerably lower, suppressed by the effects of prolonged conflict, poverty, and limited healthcare access. Following the economic reforms known as Doi Moi, introduced in 1986, Vietnam experienced sustained economic growth that enabled expanded investment in healthcare systems, sanitation, and disease prevention programs. Several factors contribute to the current life expectancy figures. Vietnam has maintained relatively low rates of cardiovascular disease compared to many Western nations, partly attributed to a traditional diet rich in vegetables, rice, fish, and lean proteins. The country has also made measurable progress in reducing infant and child mortality rates, which directly influences life expectancy calculations at birth. Communicable diseases that once posed serious threats — including malaria, tuberculosis, and cholera — have been significantly reduced through national health campaigns and international cooperation. Vaccination coverage across the population has expanded substantially, protecting both children and adults from preventable illness. Despite these gains, Vietnam faces emerging health challenges that may affect future life expectancy trends. Non-communicable diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and respiratory conditions linked to rising rates of tobacco use and air pollution in urban areas such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, are growing concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic also introduced a temporary setback to health system capacity and population health outcomes in the early 2020s, though Vietnam's relatively swift public health response helped limit long-term mortality impacts. The aging population places increasing demands on a healthcare system that continues to develop its capacity for long-term and elder care. Vietnam's life expectancy compares favorably with many of its regional neighbors at similar income levels, suggesting that deliberate health policy choices have played a meaningful role alongside economic development in extending the lives of its citizens.
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Vietnam has made remarkable progress in reducing infant mortality over the past several decades, reflecting sustained investment in public health infrastructure, maternal care, and child nutrition programs. The infant mortality rate currently stands at approximately 16 to 17 deaths per 1,000 live births, a significant improvement from rates that exceeded 50 per 1,000 live births in the early 1990s. This downward trend is attributed to several key factors, including expanded access to skilled birth attendants, increased immunization coverage, improved sanitation and clean water access, and targeted government health initiatives. Vietnam's national immunization program covers a broad range of childhood diseases, including diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, and hepatitis B, contributing directly to lower infant death rates. Despite nationwide progress, notable disparities remain between urban and rural areas, as well as among different ethnic minority communities living in remote highland regions. Infants born in mountainous provinces in the northwest and central highlands face considerably higher mortality risks than those born in major cities such as Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City. Limited access to healthcare facilities, lower rates of prenatal care utilization, and higher rates of poverty in these regions are primary contributing factors. Causes of infant death in Vietnam are largely consistent with patterns seen across lower-middle-income countries and include neonatal complications such as preterm birth and birth asphyxia, respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, and congenital conditions. The neonatal period — the first 28 days of life — accounts for a substantial proportion of all infant deaths recorded nationally. The Vietnamese government, working in partnership with international organizations including UNICEF and the World Health Organization, continues to implement programs aimed at bridging the urban-rural gap, strengthening neonatal care units in provincial hospitals, training community health workers, and promoting exclusive breastfeeding practices. These combined efforts position Vietnam as one of the stronger performers in infant mortality reduction among Southeast Asian nations at a comparable stage of economic development.
Read the full people and society profile — demographics, health, education, religion, languages, and notable people.
View full people and societyGovernment & Politics
Government & Politics
Country Identity
- Country Name
- Vietnam
- Full Country Name
- Socialist Republic of Vietnam
- Local - Long
- Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam
- Local - Short
- Viet Nam
Government Structure
- Government Type
- Communist state
- Legal System
- based on communist legal theory and French civil law system
- Executive Branch
- chief of state: President Luong Cuong (since 21 October 2024) head of government: Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh (since 26 July 2021); Deputy Prime Ministers Le Thanh Long, Ho Duc Phoc, Tran Hong Ha, and Nguyen Hoa Binh (all since 2023) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president based on the proposal of the prime minister and ratification of the National Assembly elections: president elected by the National Assembly from among its members for a five-year term; election last held 21 October 2024 (next to be held following legislative elections in 2026); prime minister appointed by the president from among members of the National Assembly and confirmed by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by the prime minister and confirmed by the National Assembly election results: Luong Cuong elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - approximately 99%
- Legislative Branch
- Unicameral National Assembly or Quoc Hoi (500 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) Elections: last held on 23 May 2021 (next to be held in 2026) Election results: percent of vote by party - CPV and CPV-approved candidates 100%; seats by party - CPV 475, non-party members approved by the CPV 25. All candidates, whether formal CPV members or not, must be vetted and approved by the Vietnam Fatherland Front, an umbrella organization overseen by the CPV, before standing for election.
- Judicial Branch
- Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected for a five-year term by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president)
- Suffrage
- 18 years of age; universal
- Constitution
- 15-Apr-92
- Independence
- 2 September 1945 (from France)
- National Holiday
- Independence Day, 2 September (1945)
Capital City
- Capital Name
- Hanoi (Ha Noi)
- Capital - geographic coordinate
- 21 02 N, 105 51 E
- Capital Time Difference
- UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
the city has had many names in its history going back to A.D. 1010 when it first became the capital of imperial Vietnam; in 1831, it received its current name of Ha Noi, meaning "between the rivers," which refers to its geographic location
Military
Branches: People's Armed Forces: People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN; includes Vietnam People's Navy (with Naval Infantry), Vietnam People's Air and Air Defense Force, Border Defense Command, Coast Guard)
Embassy / Diplomatic Mission
U.S. Embassy in Hanoi
170 Ngoc Khanh
Ba Dinh District
Hanoi, Vietnam
24 hour telephone number: (84-4) 3850-5000
Fax: (84-4) 3850-5010
U.S. Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City
4 Le Duan, District 1
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
24 hour telephone number: (84-8) 3520-4200
Fax: (84-8) 3520-4244
Read the full government profile — flag symbolism, national anthem, and other national symbols.
View full government detailsEconomy
Economy
Vietnam has transformed from one of the world's poorest nations into a dynamic lower-middle-income economy, driven by decades of economic reforms known as "??i M?i" launched in 1986.
Snapshot
- Currency Name and Code
- Vietnamese Dong (VND)
- GDP — official exchange rate
- $43,750,000,000 (USD)
- GDP Real Growth Rate
- 6.4%
- Gini Index
- 36.1
News & Weather
News & Weather
Current Weather
Latest News
Fled to America at 11. Stole at 18. Deported to Vietnam at 44. - The New York Times
The New York Times · 1d ago
Foreigners Behaving Badly in Vietnam Challenge Its Communist Justice System - The New York Times
The New York Times · 5h ago
Vietnam's top leader To Lam to visit Australia, New Zealand to strengthen partnerships - Reuters
Reuters · 1d ago
Rafaelson once again looming as the man to fire Vietnam to ASEAN Championship glory - ESPN
ESPN · 2d ago
Vietnam Becomes First Client for Russia’s Heavily Enhanced New Yak-130M Light Fighter - Military Watch Magazine
Military Watch Magazine · 1d ago
Artillery-Missile Command: Vietnam’s Answer to the Maritime-Continental Dilemma - The Diplomat – Asia-Pacific
The Diplomat – Asia-Pacific · 1d ago
'The Wall That Heals' honors Vietnam War veterans around the country - CBS News
CBS News · 17h ago
Moonfolks opens Vietnam office: Appoints Livio Grossi as CCO and Managing Partner - campaignbriefasia.com
campaignbriefasia.com · 15h ago
News via Google News
Climate Overview
Vietnam is largely a tropical monsoon country. In the north, a hot rainy season prevails from May to September. The average temperature in Hanoi is about 86°F during this period, with very high humidity. During the cooler, dry season in the north from December to March, the average temperature is 68°F, with overnight minimums sometimes around 40°–42°F.
In the south, Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta experience a year-round tropical climate with daily temperatures normally exceeding 88°F. The rainy season in Danang and Hue in the center of the country lasts from October to March.
Videos
Videos
2 curated YouTube videos.
Source: YouTube
Source: YouTube
Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Vietnam?
How do people greet each other in Vietnam?
What are dining customs like in Vietnam?
What should I know about visiting and hospitality in Vietnam?
How should I dress in Vietnam?
Are there gestures to avoid in Vietnam?
What is family life like in Vietnam?
What do people do for recreation in Vietnam?
What is the capital of Vietnam?
Where is Vietnam located?
What countries border Vietnam?
What religion is practiced in Vietnam?
What is the currency of Vietnam?
What language is spoken in Vietnam?
What is Vietnam known for?
Who are the ethnic minority peoples of Vietnam?
Last reviewed 2026