Georgia Geography

What is the terrain and geography like in Georgia?

Overview

The Republic of Georgia is situated on the eastern shore of the Black Sea and bordered by Russia and the Caucasus Mountains to the north. Its neighbor to the east is Azerbaijan, to the south are Turkey and Armenia. Georgia is at a crossroads of European and Asian commerce, culture, and religion.

Starting in the east, Georgia’s landscape is largely semidesert. In the western portion lay the permanently snow-covered peaks and glaciers of the Caucasian Mountains, with summits as high as 5,000 meters. The peak of Kazbegi is a popular destination for climbers. The subtropical climate near the Black Sea coast nourishes citrus groves and tea plantations. Numerous rivers, including the Mtkvari and the Rioni, wind through Georgia’s mountains and valleys. Many of these rivers are used to generate hydroelectric power.

Geography - note

strategically located east of the Black Sea; Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them

Climate

Protected by the Black Sea and Caucasus Mountains, Georgia's climate is relatively mild. Seasonal temperatures range from winter daytime highs of 32°F-35°F to summer daytime highs of 86°F-93°F. Except in the subtropical regions, humidity is relatively low in summer. Spring daytime highs average in the high 60s to the mid 70s. The weather allows for outside activity most of the year.

Georgia Use of Natural Resources

Georgia Environment

Climate:

Terrain:

largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains,

Natural Resources:

forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth

Natural Hazards:

earthquakes

Irrigated Land:

1,671 Square Miles
4,328 Square Kilometers

Environmental Issues:

air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals

Environment - International Agreements:

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Georgia Geography

Geographic Location	Asia, intersection of Western Asia and Eastern Europe
Total Area	26,911 Square Miles 69,700 Square Kilometers
Land Area	26,911 Square Miles 69,700 Square Kilometers
Land Boundaries	908 Miles 1,461 Kilometers
Irrigated Land	1,671 Square Miles 4,328 Square Kilometers
Border Countries	Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km
Coastline	193 Miles 310 Kilometers
Geographic Coordinates	42 00 N, 43 30 E
Terrain	largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains,
Highest Point	5,201 Meters
Highest Point Location	Mt'a Shkhara 5,201 m
Lowest Point Location	Black Sea 0 m
Natural Resources	forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
Time Zone	UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

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