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Uruguay

Uruguay

Capital:Montevideo
Population:3.4M
Currency:Uruguayan Peso (UYU)
Language:Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)
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  • From Uruguay3
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Quick Look Factsheet

A multi-page overview of Uruguay.

Uruguay Factsheet

Customs and Culture

Cultural Attributes

Uruguay has several unique cultural attributes that distinguish it from other countries in the region. Here are some examples:

Mate: Mate is a traditional drink made from the dried leaves of the yerba mate plant. It is a cultural symbol of Uruguay, and is often consumed with friends and family as a social ritual.

Tango: While tango originated in Argentina, it is also a popular dance in Uruguay, and there are many tango clubs and festivals throughout the country.

Carnival: Uruguay's Carnival is one of the longest and most elaborate in the world, with celebrations lasting for several weeks. It is known for its colorful parades, street parties, and murgas (carnival groups that sing and dance satirical songs).

Gauchos: Gauchos are the traditional cowboys of the Uruguayan countryside, and are an important cultural symbol of the country's rural heritage.

Soccer: Soccer is a hugely popular sport in Uruguay, and the national team has a long and storied history, having won two World Cup championships and several Copa America titles.

Beef and barbecue: Uruguay is known for its high-quality beef, and barbecue (asado) is a popular way to cook and enjoy it. The country also has a strong wine culture, with several wine regions producing a variety of red and white wines.

A window in Colonia, Uruguay

Land of the Gauchos and Endless Pampas

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6 more cultural topics for members

Social Customs & Etiquette · Diet · Family · Dating Customs · Recreation · Student Life

Holidays

  • Independence Day

    8/25

    Independence Day

  • Christmas

    12/25

    xmas

    Santa Claus is known as Papa Noel (Father Christmas)

Dates of Interest

  • March

    Fiesta de la Vendimia, or Grape Harvest Festival, is a celebration of Uruguay's wine-making traditions, held in the town of Carmelo in March, featuring wine tastings, music, and food.

How do people greet each other in Uruguay?

Uruguayans address those who aren't close friends or family formally, using Señor, Señora or Señorita, or sometimes professional titles.

Do

  • Use Señor, Señora or Señorita for people you don't know well
  • Address professionals by their title, e.g. Doctor for lawyers, Contador for accountants, Ingeniero for engineers

What are meals and eating customs like in Uruguay?

Meat features at most meals, with beef and lamb prepared in many ways; dinner, eaten late in the evening, is the most substantial meal.

Do

  • Try the traditional asado (barbecue cooked slowly over coals)
  • Sample typical dishes like parrillada, chivito (steak sandwich), húngaras (spicy sausages) and Milanesa Uruguaya
  • Expect a light breakfast of bread, jam and coffee or mate

Good to know

  • A typical meal is soup, salad, steak, bread, wine, cheese and fruit, followed by coffee or tea
  • Yerba mate is drunk from a hollowed gourd through a silver tube called a bombilla, and the gourd is passed from person to person

What should I know about visiting and hospitality in Uruguay?

Uruguayans often drop in on friends without calling first, and hospitality is always extended to visitors, often starting with a gourd of yerba mate.

Do

  • Accept a gourd of yerba mate, which is often the first thing offered
  • Greet strangers when passing on city streets

Good to know

  • Telephoning before dropping in on friends is not necessary
  • Rural residents tend to be very friendly to strangers

How should I dress in Uruguay?

Western-style clothing is worn throughout the country.

Good to know

  • Gauchos wear baggy pants called bombachos and wide-brimmed black hats for sun protection

What gestures and physical greetings are common in Uruguay?

Handshakes are traditional on arrival and departure, while men may hug or pat each other's backs and women kiss cheeks.

Do

  • Shake hands with visitors when they arrive and depart

Good to know

  • Uruguayans stand close together when talking

What is family life like in Uruguay?

Most families are small, with one or two children, and sometimes an elderly relative shares the home with a couple and their children.

Good to know

  • City dwellers usually live in modern apartments or small houses; countryside homes are often one-story red brick with tile roofs
  • On ranches, gauchos live in dormitory-like buildings shared with other gauchos

What do people do for recreation and sport in Uruguay?

Soccer is hugely popular, played by boys in streets and parks, while other activities include volleyball, basketball, dance and marbles.

Good to know

  • Polo is popular among the well-to-do
  • Gauchos play a traditional horseback game called pato and demonstrate skills at a criolla (rodeo)

Last updated: 2026-07-12 · Sources: CountryReports

Photos of Uruguay

Travel and Tourism

Travel Alert Status
Level 2: Exercise Increased Caution
Currency
Uruguayan peso (UYU)
Time Difference
UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Climate
Except for a small subtropical area in the northwest, the climate is even throughout Uruguay. Temperatures are generally mild, but seasons are distinct: summer daytime temperatures average 70 degrees Fahrenheit and rarely exceed the mid-90s; autumn (March-May) is mild; and spring (September-November) is often damp, cool and windy. In winter, monthly temperatures range from 44� 60 degrees Fahrenheit with rare frost. However, humidity, averaging 75% year round, intensifies the cold. Average annual rainfall is 39.5 inches.
Airports
64
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Recipes

History

Historical Eras

  1. Pre-Colonial Period

    8000 BCE – 1516

    The territory of present-day Uruguay was inhabited by indigenous peoples, predominantly the Charrúa, Chaná, and Guaraní groups, who sustained themselves through hunting, fishing, and gathering across the rolling prairies. The Charrúa in particular developed a fierce warrior culture that would mount sustained resistance to European encroachment for generations. The region contained no precious metals, limiting its early appeal to outsiders.

  2. Colonial Era

    1516 – 1828

    Juan Díaz de Solís landed on Uruguayan shores in 1516, initiating a prolonged contest between Spain and Portugal for control of the Banda Oriental. Spain founded Montevideo in 1726 as a military stronghold, and the introduction of cattle transformed the economy and shaped the gaucho culture that would define the region's identity. José Gervasio Artigas launched the independence struggle in 1811, though full sovereignty required decades of warfare against Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilian forces.

  3. Early Independence

    1828 – 1876

    British diplomatic mediation ended the Brazilian-Argentine conflict and secured Uruguay's recognition as an independent republic in 1828, with its first constitution adopted in 1830. The period was dominated by violent rivalry between the Colorado and Blanco parties, whose origins lay in the competing factions of Generals Rivera and Oribe, culminating in the devastating Guerra Grande (1839–1851). Foreign intervention by Argentina and Brazil repeatedly destabilized the young state, retarding institutional development.

  4. Reform & Modernization

    1876 – 1930

    President José Batlle y Ordóñez, serving two terms (1903–1907, 1911–1915), transformed Uruguay into one of the most progressive nations in the Western Hemisphere, instituting an eight-hour workday, public education, separation of church and state, and early welfare provisions. Mass immigration from Italy and Spain swelled the population and diversified the economy beyond cattle ranching. Uruguay earned international recognition as a model democracy and was nicknamed the 'Switzerland of South America.'

  5. Crisis & Authoritarianism

    1930 – 1985

    The global depression of the 1930s eroded Uruguay's prosperity and fueled political instability, culminating in a brief dictatorship under Gabriel Terra (1933–1938). Economic stagnation in the 1950s and 1960s gave rise to the Tupamaros, a Marxist urban guerrilla movement that destabilized civilian governance; President Juan María Bordaberry dissolved parliament in 1973 and ceded effective power to the military. The resulting civic-military dictatorship suppressed political activity and civil liberties until a negotiated democratic transition restored civilian rule in 1985.

  6. Democratic Modern Era

    1985 – present

    The restoration of democracy under President Julio María Sanguinetti in 1985 inaugurated a sustained period of political stability and gradual reform. Uruguay became a regional pioneer in progressive legislation, legalizing same-sex marriage, cannabis, and abortion in the early twenty-first century under President José Mujica (2010–2015). Strong institutions, low corruption, and broad social freedoms have consistently ranked Uruguay among Latin America's most stable and equitable societies.

Overview

José Gervasio Artigas, Leader of the

Timeline of Key Events

  1. 1500

    Spanish colonists began to arrive in Uruguay.

    Spanish colonists began to arrive in Uruguay.

  2. 1516

    Juan Diaz de Solis became the first European to land in Uruguay.

    Juan Diaz de Solis became the first European to land in Uruguay.

  3. 1600 – 1700

    Spanish and Portuguese settlers colonized Uruguay.

    Spanish and Portuguese settlers colonized Uruguay.

  4. 1726

    Spanish found Montevideo and take over Uruguay from the Portuguese.

    Spanish found Montevideo and take over Uruguay from the Portuguese; many of the indigenous people are killed.

  5. 1776

    Spain encompassed all of its territories in south-east South America to create one large colony.

    Spain encompassed all of its territories in south-east South America to create one large colony called the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata.

  6. 1777

    Spanish colonists attacked Colonia to drive out the Portuguese.

    Spanish colonists attacked Colonia to drive out the Portuguese.

  7. 1800

    Jose Gervasio Artigas organized an army to fight for independence from Spain.

    Jose Gervasio Artigas organized an army to fight for independence from Spain.

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Interesting Facts

  • The official name of Uruguay is La República Oriental del Uruguay, which means “the Eastern Republic of Uruguay.” This name refers to the country's location on the east bank of the Río de la Plata. The word “Uruguay” is thought to have come from an indigenous word meaning “the river of shellfish.”

  • The ombú is a huge evergreen tree that grows in the prairies of Uruguay. It can reach great heights and provides a point of reference as well as shelter for travellers.

  • The gauchos, or Uruguayan cowboys, chase rheas on horseback and throw boleadoras at them to tangle their feet. Boleadoras are leather thongs tipped with leather-covered stones. Inuit hunters in Canada use a similar weapon to snare small birds.

  • In 1939, the Graf Spee, a small German battleship, after sinking several British ships in the Battle of the Atlantic, was cornered near Montevideo harbour by the British navy. The Uruguayans were not sympathetic to the Germans and insisted that the battleship leave the harbour. Rather than surrender to the British, Captain Hans Langsdorf sent his crew ashore and scuttled his ship in the Río de la Plata. This event is remembered as an important confrontation early in the Second World War.

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Geography and Environment

The República Oriental del Uruguay (the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, or roughly translated, the Republic East of the River Uruguay) covers an area of 72,200 square miles, about as large as Greece or the state of Montana. Uruguay’s topography is divided into three parts: the southern area, a belt of gently undulating plains; the western part, an extension of Argentina’s flat pampas; and the northern area, an extension of southern Brazil’s low regions and broad valleys.
Terrain
mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Climate
Except for a small subtropical area in the northwest, the climate is even throughout Uruguay. Temperatures are generally mild, but seasons are distinct: summer daytime temperatures average 70 degrees Fahrenheit and rarely exceed the mid-90s; autumn (March–May) is mild; and spring (September–November) is often damp, cool and windy. In winter, monthly temperatures range from 44– 60 degrees Fahrenheit with rare frost. However, humidity, averaging 75% year round, intensifies the cold. Average annual rainfall is 39.5 inches.
Natural Hazards
seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts
Current Environmental Issues
water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal
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People & Demographics

Religion

Languages Spoken

Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)

  • Spanish

Population

Population
3,423,108
Population in Major Urban Areas
MONTEVIDEO (capital) 1.672 million
Nationality Noun
Uruguayan(s)
Ethnic Groups
white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian, practically nonexistent

Education

Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write

School uniforms are required only in private schools.

Schools are beginning to deal with an unusual problem for Latin America—overcrowding. Schools in both rural and urban settings have insufficient supplies and teachers. Children from higher income families are more likely to get past these challenges and graduate to university studies.

School lunch in Uruguay is usually a very well-balanced, nutritional meal, often consisting of some sort of vegetable soup, fish or chicken with rice or potatoes, a salad, cooked vegetables, and dessert (such as ice cream or fruit).

The typical school day used to be in four-hour shifts to accommodate the number of students in limited schooling facilities. But a few years ago, especially in the lower-income areas, schools have begun switching from four hours per day to eight hours per day in an attempt to raise test scores, especially in language and literacy. It also helps to keep at-risk kids off the streets longer each day.

Because Uruguay is the most technologically savvy country in Latin America, a small number of elementary schools in the country have been chosen to begin piloting the ambitious “One Laptop per Child” project begun by Nicholas Negroponte, former director of the media lab at the Massachesetts Institute of Technology. The goal is to create and distribute highly functional yet inexpensive ($100 each) laptops for students throughout the world. Needless to say, the children in the schools testing the new computers are very excited.

Health Information

Life Expectancy at Birth
Uruguay stands out as one of Latin America's leaders in public health, a distinction reflected clearly in its life expectancy figures. The average life expectancy at birth in Uruguay is approximately 78 years overall, with women living to around 80 years and men to approximately 74 years. These figures place Uruguay consistently among the top tier of nations in the Western Hemisphere and well above the regional average for Latin America and the Caribbean. Several factors contribute to this relatively high life expectancy. Uruguay has a long-established tradition of public healthcare through its national health system, known as the Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud (SNIS), which was significantly reformed in 2008 to expand access and equity in medical services. This system provides coverage to the vast majority of the population, ensuring that preventive care, maternal health services, and chronic disease management are widely accessible regardless of income level. Infant mortality rates in Uruguay are comparatively low for the region, sitting at roughly 6 to 7 deaths per 1,000 live births, which directly supports the overall life expectancy calculation. Immunization programs are comprehensive, and the country has strong infrastructure for urban healthcare, given that approximately 95 percent of its population lives in urban areas where services are more readily available. Uruguayans face health challenges common to higher-income nations, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes — conditions largely associated with lifestyle factors such as diet and sedentary behavior. Smoking has historically been a concern, though Uruguay made international headlines as one of the first countries in the world to implement comprehensive anti-tobacco legislation, including graphic health warnings on cigarette packaging and public smoking bans. These measures have contributed to meaningful reductions in smoking prevalence over time. The country also benefits from a relatively high standard of living, strong literacy rates, and a stable political environment — all social determinants that correlate closely with longer, healthier lives. Uruguay's healthcare spending as a share of GDP remains among the higher levels in Latin America, reflecting an ongoing national commitment to population health. With continued investment in public health infrastructure and preventive medicine, Uruguay's life expectancy figures have remained steady and are projected to improve gradually in the coming decades.
Infant Mortality Rate
Uruguay maintains one of the lowest infant mortality rates in Latin America, reflecting the country's strong commitment to public health, universal healthcare access, and social investment. As of the most recent available data, Uruguay's infant mortality rate stands at approximately 7 to 8 deaths per 1,000 live births — a figure that places it among the healthiest nations in the Western Hemisphere and broadly comparable to several European countries. This achievement is largely attributed to Uruguay's well-developed public healthcare system, administered through the National Integrated Health System (SNIS), which was significantly reformed in 2007 to expand coverage and equity. The system provides universal prenatal care, skilled birth attendance, postnatal checkups, and childhood vaccination programs, all of which are critical factors in reducing infant deaths. Uruguay has made substantial progress over recent decades. In the 1990s, the infant mortality rate hovered closer to 20 deaths per 1,000 live births, meaning the country has more than halved this figure over roughly thirty years. Key drivers of this decline include improved access to clean water and sanitation, expanded immunization coverage, better maternal nutrition programs, and reduced rates of low birth weight. The country's relatively small population — just under 3.5 million people — and high urbanization rate (approximately 95%) have made it easier to deliver healthcare services consistently across most of the territory. Rural and interior regions do show slightly elevated rates compared to Montevideo and other urban centers, but disparities are considerably smaller than in many neighboring countries. Child health outcomes in Uruguay are further supported by strong social safety nets, high literacy rates, and relatively low poverty levels compared to regional peers. The government continues to invest in early childhood development programs and maternal health education as part of ongoing efforts to push infant mortality rates even lower. Uruguay's progress in this area is frequently highlighted as a model for sustainable health system development in developing and middle-income nations throughout Latin America.

Life Expectancy

Life Expectancy at Birth
Uruguay stands out as one of Latin America's leaders in public health, a distinction reflected clearly in its life expectancy figures. The average life expectancy at birth in Uruguay is approximately 78 years overall, with women living to around 80 years and men to approximately 74 years. These figures place Uruguay consistently among the top tier of nations in the Western Hemisphere and well above the regional average for Latin America and the Caribbean. Several factors contribute to this relatively high life expectancy. Uruguay has a long-established tradition of public healthcare through its national health system, known as the Sistema Nacional Integrado de Salud (SNIS), which was significantly reformed in 2008 to expand access and equity in medical services. This system provides coverage to the vast majority of the population, ensuring that preventive care, maternal health services, and chronic disease management are widely accessible regardless of income level. Infant mortality rates in Uruguay are comparatively low for the region, sitting at roughly 6 to 7 deaths per 1,000 live births, which directly supports the overall life expectancy calculation. Immunization programs are comprehensive, and the country has strong infrastructure for urban healthcare, given that approximately 95 percent of its population lives in urban areas where services are more readily available. Uruguayans face health challenges common to higher-income nations, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes — conditions largely associated with lifestyle factors such as diet and sedentary behavior. Smoking has historically been a concern, though Uruguay made international headlines as one of the first countries in the world to implement comprehensive anti-tobacco legislation, including graphic health warnings on cigarette packaging and public smoking bans. These measures have contributed to meaningful reductions in smoking prevalence over time. The country also benefits from a relatively high standard of living, strong literacy rates, and a stable political environment — all social determinants that correlate closely with longer, healthier lives. Uruguay's healthcare spending as a share of GDP remains among the higher levels in Latin America, reflecting an ongoing national commitment to population health. With continued investment in public health infrastructure and preventive medicine, Uruguay's life expectancy figures have remained steady and are projected to improve gradually in the coming decades.
Infant Mortality Rate
Uruguay maintains one of the lowest infant mortality rates in Latin America, reflecting the country's strong commitment to public health, universal healthcare access, and social investment. As of the most recent available data, Uruguay's infant mortality rate stands at approximately 7 to 8 deaths per 1,000 live births — a figure that places it among the healthiest nations in the Western Hemisphere and broadly comparable to several European countries. This achievement is largely attributed to Uruguay's well-developed public healthcare system, administered through the National Integrated Health System (SNIS), which was significantly reformed in 2007 to expand coverage and equity. The system provides universal prenatal care, skilled birth attendance, postnatal checkups, and childhood vaccination programs, all of which are critical factors in reducing infant deaths. Uruguay has made substantial progress over recent decades. In the 1990s, the infant mortality rate hovered closer to 20 deaths per 1,000 live births, meaning the country has more than halved this figure over roughly thirty years. Key drivers of this decline include improved access to clean water and sanitation, expanded immunization coverage, better maternal nutrition programs, and reduced rates of low birth weight. The country's relatively small population — just under 3.5 million people — and high urbanization rate (approximately 95%) have made it easier to deliver healthcare services consistently across most of the territory. Rural and interior regions do show slightly elevated rates compared to Montevideo and other urban centers, but disparities are considerably smaller than in many neighboring countries. Child health outcomes in Uruguay are further supported by strong social safety nets, high literacy rates, and relatively low poverty levels compared to regional peers. The government continues to invest in early childhood development programs and maternal health education as part of ongoing efforts to push infant mortality rates even lower. Uruguay's progress in this area is frequently highlighted as a model for sustainable health system development in developing and middle-income nations throughout Latin America.
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Government & Politics

Country Identity

Country Name
Uruguay
Full Country Name
Oriental Republic of Uruguay
Local - Long
Republica Oriental del Uruguay
Local - Short
Uruguay
Former Name
Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province

Government Structure

Government Type
constitutional republic
Legal System
based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Executive Branch
chief of state: President Yamandú ORSI (since 1 March 2025) and Vice President Carolina COSSE (since 1 March 2025); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Yamandú ORSI (since 1 March 2025) and Vice President Carolina COSSE (since 1 March 2025); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 27 October 2024, with a runoff on 24 November 2024 (next to be held in October 2029) election results: Yamandú ORSI elected president in runoff; percent of vote in runoff - Yamandú ORSI (Frente Amplio) 49.8%, Álvaro DELGADO (Partido Nacional) 45.9%; other 4.3%
Legislative Branch
Bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of the Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; the vice president holds one vote in the Senate) and the Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms). Elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 27 October 2024 (next to be held October 2029); Chamber of Representatives - last held 27 October 2024 (next to be held October 2029). Election results: Chamber of Senators - seats by party - Frente Amplio 16, Partido Nacional 9, Partido Colorado 3, Cabildo Abierto 1, Partido Independiente 1; Chamber of Representatives - seats by party - Frente Amplio 48, Partido Nacional 30, Partido Colorado 11, Cabildo Abierto 6, Partido Independiente 1, other 3.
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Constitution
27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997
Independence
25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
National Holiday
Independence Day, 25 August (1825)

Capital City

Capital Name
Montevideo
Capital - geographic coordinate
34 51 S, 56 10 W
Capital Time Difference
UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

the name "Montevidi" was originally applied to the hill that overlooked the bay upon which the city of Montevideo was founded; the earliest meaning may have been "[the place where we] saw the hill"

Military

Branches: Uruguayan Armed Forces: Uruguayan National Army (Ejercito Nacional Uruguaya, ENU), Uruguayan National Navy (Armada Nacional del Uruguay; includes naval air arm, Naval Rifle Corps (Cuerpo de Fusileros Navales, Fusna), Maritime Prefecture in wartime), Uruguayan Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Uruguaya, FAU)

Embassy / Diplomatic Mission

U.S. Embassy Montevideo

Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200 - Uruguay

Telephone: (598) (2) 1770-2222

Emergency after-hours telephone: (598) (2) 094-870-666

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Economy

Uruguay has one of South America's most stable and prosperous economies, characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, high levels of social spending, and strong democratic institutions.

Snapshot

Currency Name and Code
Uruguayan Peso (UYU)
GDP — official exchange rate
$13,240,000,000 (USD)
GDP Real Growth Rate
3.29%
Gini Index
44.6

News & Weather

Current Weather

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Climate Overview

Except for a small subtropical area in the northwest, the climate is even throughout Uruguay. Temperatures are generally mild, but seasons are distinct: summer daytime temperatures average 70 degrees Fahrenheit and rarely exceed the mid-90s; autumn (March-May) is mild; and spring (September-November) is often damp, cool and windy. In winter, monthly temperatures range from 44� 60 degrees Fahrenheit with rare frost. However, humidity, averaging 75% year round, intensifies the cold. Average annual rainfall is 39.5 inches.

Videos

1 curated YouTube videos.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the population of Uruguay?
The population of Uruguay is approximately 3.4M.
How do people greet each other in Uruguay?
Uruguayans address those who aren't close friends or family formally, using Señor, Señora or Señorita, or sometimes professional titles. Do: Use Señor, Señora or Señorita for people you don't know well Address professionals by their title, e.g. Doctor for lawyers, Contador for accountants, Ingeniero for engineers
What are meals and eating customs like in Uruguay?
Meat features at most meals, with beef and lamb prepared in many ways; dinner, eaten late in the evening, is the most substantial meal. Do: Try the traditional asado (barbecue cooked slowly over coals) Sample typical dishes like parrillada, chivito (steak sandwich), húngaras (spicy sausages) and Milanesa Uruguaya Expect a light breakfast of bread, jam and coffee or mate A typical meal is soup, salad, steak, bread, wine, cheese and fruit, followed by coffee or tea Yerba mate is drunk from a hollowed gourd through a silver tube called a bombilla, and the gourd is passed from person to person
What should I know about visiting and hospitality in Uruguay?
Uruguayans often drop in on friends without calling first, and hospitality is always extended to visitors, often starting with a gourd of yerba mate. Do: Accept a gourd of yerba mate, which is often the first thing offered Greet strangers when passing on city streets Telephoning before dropping in on friends is not necessary Rural residents tend to be very friendly to strangers
How should I dress in Uruguay?
Western-style clothing is worn throughout the country. Gauchos wear baggy pants called bombachos and wide-brimmed black hats for sun protection
What gestures and physical greetings are common in Uruguay?
Handshakes are traditional on arrival and departure, while men may hug or pat each other's backs and women kiss cheeks. Do: Shake hands with visitors when they arrive and depart Uruguayans stand close together when talking
What is family life like in Uruguay?
Most families are small, with one or two children, and sometimes an elderly relative shares the home with a couple and their children. City dwellers usually live in modern apartments or small houses; countryside homes are often one-story red brick with tile roofs On ranches, gauchos live in dormitory-like buildings shared with other gauchos
What do people do for recreation and sport in Uruguay?
Soccer is hugely popular, played by boys in streets and parks, while other activities include volleyball, basketball, dance and marbles. Polo is popular among the well-to-do Gauchos play a traditional horseback game called pato and demonstrate skills at a criolla (rodeo)
What is the capital of Uruguay?
Montevideo is the capital and largest city of Uruguay, sitting on the northern shore of the Río de la Plata estuary. It serves as the country's political, cultural, and economic hub, home to the national government and the majority of Uruguay's population. Founded by Spanish colonists in the early 18th century, Montevideo today is a bustling port city renowned for its broad boulevards, Art Deco architecture, and vibrant waterfront promenade known as the Rambla.
Where is Uruguay located?
Uruguay is located in the southeastern cone of South America, nestled between Brazil to the north and Argentina to the west. It sits on the eastern bank of the Río de la Plata estuary, a fact reflected in its official name, La República Oriental del Uruguay — the Eastern Republic of Uruguay. Uruguay is one of the smallest countries on the continent, yet its position gives it access to both the Río de la Plata and the South Atlantic Ocean to the south and east.
What countries border Uruguay?
Uruguay shares land borders with two countries: Brazil to the north and northeast, and Argentina to the west. The Uruguay River forms much of the boundary with Argentina, while the Río de la Plata estuary separates Uruguay from Argentina's capital, Buenos Aires, to the southwest. To the south and east, Uruguay faces the South Atlantic Ocean, giving the country a coastline that stretches for several hundred kilometers and includes popular beach resorts such as Punta del Este.
What religion is practiced in Uruguay?
Roman Catholicism is the most widely professed religion in Uruguay, practiced by approximately 66 percent of the population. Protestants account for roughly 2 percent, while the remaining 31 percent identify with other beliefs or no religious affiliation. Uruguay is notably one of the most secular societies in Latin America; the state formally separated from the Catholic Church in 1919, and religious holidays were officially renamed to non-religious equivalents, reflecting a deeply entrenched tradition of secularism in public life.
What is the currency of Uruguay?
The official currency of Uruguay is the Uruguayan Peso, with the ISO code UYU. The peso has been the national currency in various forms since the 19th century, undergoing redenomination in 1993 when the nuevo peso was replaced at a rate of 1,000 to one. Uruguay maintains a relatively stable economy by regional standards, and the peso is freely traded on international currency markets, though the US dollar is widely accepted in tourist areas and major commercial transactions.
What language is spoken in Uruguay?
Spanish is the official and overwhelmingly dominant language of Uruguay, spoken throughout the country in daily life, government, and education. Along the frontier with Brazil, a distinctive contact dialect known as Portunol, or Brazilero, is widely spoken — a fluid blend of Portuguese and Spanish that reflects centuries of cross-border cultural exchange. This linguistic hybrid is unique to the border region and is recognized as part of Uruguay's official language landscape, distinguishing it from most other Spanish-speaking nations in Latin America.
What is the geography of Uruguay like?
Uruguay is characterized by gently rolling prairies and grasslands, known locally as cuchillas, that cover much of the interior and make the country exceptionally suited to cattle and sheep ranching. There are no major mountain ranges; the terrain is predominantly low-lying, with the highest point reaching only around 514 meters. Rivers such as the Uruguay and the Negro thread across the landscape, while a sandy Atlantic coastline borders the south and east. The massive ombú tree, an iconic evergreen of the Uruguayan pampas, provides shade and orientation across these open plains.
What is Uruguay known for?
Uruguay is known for its deeply rooted gaucho culture, in which skilled horsemen called gauchos have long herded cattle across the pampas and traditionally used boleadoras — weighted leather thongs — to catch animals including the rhea. The country is a leading exporter of beef, wool, and leather. Uruguay is also recognized for its progressive political history: it restored civilian democracy in 1985 after a period of military rule and today holds some of the freest political and labor conditions in South America. The glamorous resort city of Punta del Este draws visitors from across the continent each summer.

Last reviewed 2026